ABSTRACT Driving is closely linked to older people’s mobility and independence. However, age-related functional decline reduces their safe driving abilities and thereby their wellbeing may decline. The rapid development of vehicle automation has the potential to enhance the mobility of older drivers by enabling them to continue driving safer for longer. So far only limited work has been carried out to study older drivers’ interaction with highly automated vehicles (HAV). This study investigates the effect of age and level of driving disengagement on the takeover control performance in HAV. A driving simulation study with 76 drivers has been conducted. Results showed that 20 s was sufficient for drivers to take over control from HAV. Older drivers take longer to respond and make decisions than younger drivers. The age effect on some aspects of takeover quality, in terms of operating steering wheel and pedals, is still pronounced. In addition, complete disengagement in driving in HAV leads to a longer takeover time and worse takeover quality, and it affects older drivers more seriously than younger drivers. The results highlight that an age-friendly design of human-machine interaction is important for enhancing the safety and comfort of older drivers when interacting with HAVs.

中文翻译：

---

调查年龄和驾驶脱离对高度自动化车辆驾驶员接管控制性能的影响

摘要 驾驶与老年人的行动能力和独立性密切相关。然而，与年龄相关的功能衰退会降低他们的安全驾驶能力，因此他们的幸福感可能会下降。车辆自动化的快速发展有可能提高老年驾驶员的机动性，使他们能够继续更安全地驾驶更长时间。到目前为止，仅开展了有限的工作来研究老年驾驶员与高度自动化车辆 (HAV) 的互动。本研究调查了年龄和驾驶脱离程度对 HAV 接管控制性能的影响。已对 76 名驾驶员进行了驾驶模拟研究。结果表明，20 秒足以让驾驶员从 HAV 接管控制权。与年轻司机相比，老年司机需要更长的时间来做出反应和做出决定。在操作方向盘和踏板方面，年龄对接管质量的某些方面的影响仍然很明显。此外，在HAV中完全脱离驾驶会导致更长的接管时间和更差的接管质量，并且对老年司机的影响比年轻司机更严重。结果强调，人机交互的年龄友好设计对于提高老年驾驶员与 HAV 交互时的安全性和舒适度非常重要。