This paper proposes a progressive method to register image features and three‐dimensional (3D) vector lines for image orientation modelling. Directed at images acquired with an approximate direct‐georeferencing capability, this study employed 3D vector lines extracted from a geographical information system (GIS) database as ground control. The major work comprises three steps: (1) straight lines were parameterised and applied as control in the collinearity condition equations to determine exterior orientation parameters (EOPs); (2) coarse registration employed quadrangle features formed from straight lines to modify the initial EOPs; and (3) a two‐step fine registration, initially involving all line‐feature candidates, followed by the selection of the most probable one from neighbouring lines. Experimental results indicate that the proposed methods can achieve an accuracy of about 2 pixels (close to the accuracy of the employed GIS database) from initial EOPs with more than 800 pixel errors. Accuracy improvements in each step of the proposed coarse‐to‐fine registration are also demonstrated.

中文翻译：

---

图像特征和3D矢量线的渐进配准用于方向建模

本文提出了一种渐进方法来注册图像特征和三维（3D）矢量线以进行图像方向建模。本研究针对具有近似直接地理参考功能的图像，该研究采用了从地理信息系统（GIS）数据库中提取的3D矢量线作为地面控制。主要工作包括三个步骤：（1）对直线进行参数化并将其用作共线性条件方程式的控制，以确定外部取向参数（EOP）；（2）粗配准采用由直线形成的四边形特征来修改初始EOP；（3）分两步进行精细注册，首先涉及所有行特征候选者，然后从相邻的行中选择最有可能的一个。实验结果表明，所提出的方法可以从初始EOP中获得约2个像素的精度（接近于所用GIS数据库的精度），并具有800多个像素误差。还证明了所提出的从粗到精配准的每个步骤的准确性都有所提高。