The mechanical compaction of soil material of mineral landfill systems affects the continuity and connectivity of the complex soil pore network. A horizontally-oriented layering is intended to generate a slope-induced lateral water flow out of mineral capping systems that is sufficient to minimise the statutory required vertical percolation through the underlying waste body and the potential leachate.

In this case, soil compaction affects both the porosity and water retention as capacity values and the hydraulic conductivity as intensity parameter. The idea of this study was to combine information on both soil properties in an extended anisotropy factor based on the soil water diffusivity. The analysis is focused on the direction-dependent soil hydraulic properties of a mechanically compacted landfill capping system.

In particular, the volume fractions were related to the fractional capillary potential for each of the characteristic pore size classes. Three different soil profiles of top, middle, and bottom slopes of the mineral capping system of the Rastorf landfill in Northern Germany were sampled seven years after construction. Undisturbed soil cores of 100 cm³ and 438 cm³ were extracted in vertical (ver) and horizontal directions (hor) in depths of 20, 50, and 80 cm representing the main layers. The soil water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, K, functions were determined by suctions plates, permeameter, and the evaporation method. In the coarse pores range (pressure head values of h ≥ −300 hPa), the standard anisotropy ratio, AR, (K(Se)hor/K(Se)ver) as a function of effective saturation, Se, in the sealing liner in 80 cm depth was larger than 1, indicating higher horizontal than vertical K(Se) values. Thus, AR-values above 1 in the range close to water saturation especially in 80 cm depth suggest the tendency of lateral water flow out of mineral capping system due to a sufficient hydraulic potential and thus its reasonable functionality, even seven years after construction.

The anisotropy factor was extended in two steps; for AR* and AR**, the pore size class-related matric flux potential, ϕ, and the soil water diffusivity, D(θ), were proposed to combine intensity parameters with capacity-based volume fractions of pore size classes and the fractional capillary potential. The ϕ- and D(θ)-weighted anisotropy ratios, AR* and AR**, indicate that anisotropy increases with the volume fraction of macropores (r²_AR* of 0.69−0.77; r²_AR** of 0.71−0.80) and wide coarse pores (r²_AR* of 0.57−0.78; r²_AR** of 0.79−0.89) in both directions. The results suggest that by combining both the intensity and the capacity parameters of the soil hydraulic properties in an extended anisotropy ratio improves the information on compacted mineral capping systems.

矿物填埋系统土壤材料的机械压实会影响复杂土壤孔隙网络的连续性和连通性。水平定向的分层旨在从矿物封盖系统中产生由坡度引起的侧向水流，该流量足以使法定要求的通过下部废物体和潜在渗滤液的垂直渗漏最小化。

在这种情况下，土壤压实既影响孔隙率和保水率（作为容量值），又影响水力传导率（作为强度参数）。这项研究的目的是在基于土壤水分扩散率的扩展各向异性因子中结合两种土壤特性的信息。分析的重点是机械压实的垃圾填埋场封顶系统的与方向有关的土壤水力学特性。

特别地，对于每个特征孔径类别，体积分数与毛细管电势分数有关。施工结束七年后，对德国北部Rastorf垃圾填埋场的矿物封盖系统的顶，中和底坡三种不同的土壤剖面进行了采样。100 cm ³和438 cm ^3的原状土壤芯在代表主层的20、50和80 cm的深度（垂直）和水平方向（水平）中提取。土壤的保水率和不饱和导水率K的函数由吸板，渗透率仪和蒸发法确定。在粗孔范围内（h≥-300 hPa的压头值），标准各向异性比AR（K（Se）hor / K（Se）ver）是密封衬套中有效饱和度Se的函数在80厘米深度大于1，表明水平比垂直K（Se）值高。因此，AR值在接近水饱和度的范围内（特别是在80 cm深度）大于1表示由于有足够的水力潜力，因而有合理的功能性，即使在施工后七年，也有横向水从矿物封盖系统流出的趋势。

各向异性因子分为两个步骤：对于AR *和AR **，提出了与孔径类别相关的基质通量势ϕ和土壤水分扩散率D（θ），以结合强度参数与基于孔径类别的容量分数和分数毛细血管电位。*和D（θ）加权的各向异性比率AR *和AR **表示各向异性随大孔的体积分数而增加（r ² _{AR *}为0.69-0.77； r ² _{AR **}为0.71-0.80）和较宽的粗孔（r ² _{AR *}为0.57−0.78； r ² _{AR **}在两个方向上为0.79-0.89）。结果表明，通过在扩展的各向异性比中组合强度和土壤水力学性质的容量参数，可以改善压实矿物质封盖系统的信息。