ABSTRACT Despite the economic importance of sorghum in Sudan, its productivity is low. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance sorghum growth, survival, and nutrient uptake, and their manipulation may have potential in mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses during droughts. However, information on the AMF community in Sudan and the host-AMF specificity at the sorghum genotype level are unknown. We investigated the AMF community structure of 19 sorghum genotypes by next-generation sequencing in a semi-arid region. A total of 102 AMF operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected comprising four families: Glomeraceae (85.3%), Claroideoglomeraceae (10.8%), Paraglomeraceae (2.9%), and Diversisporaceae (1%). Among them, appearance ratio of three OTUs (2.9%) belonging to Rhizoglomus was more than 75%, whereas 75 OTUs had lower appearance ratio than 25%, indicating that the AMF community comprised a small number of generalist and a large number of rare OTUs. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and permutational multivariate analysis of variance showed no AMF specificity of the sorghum genotypes. The community assembly was strongly influenced by neutral processes, but 11 OTUs had higher relative frequency than expected by neutral model. The result includes the possibility that adaptability of AMF to soil environment and positive selection by host plant also affect the AMF community assembly. Our work showed that only a few Rhizoglomus species dominated without host plant genotype specificity in a semi-arid Sudanese cropland. Further research on functional analysis of the dominant AMF species may reveal the importance of the dominant AMF species for sorghum cultivation in Sudan.

中文翻译：

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苏丹半干旱地区双色高粱有限丛枝菌根真菌的优势

摘要 尽管高粱在苏丹具有重要的经济意义，但其生产力却很低。丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 可增强高粱的生长、存活和养分吸收，它们的操作可能具有缓解干旱期间生物和非生物胁迫的潜力。然而，关于苏丹 AMF 群落和高粱基因型水平的宿主 AMF 特异性的信息是未知的。我们通过二代测序在半干旱地区研究了 19 个高粱基因型的 AMF 群落结构。共检测到 102 个 AMF 操作分类单元 (OTU)，包括四个科：Glomeraceae (85.3%)、Claroideoglomeraceae (10.8%)、Paraglomeraceae (2.9%) 和 Diversisporaceae (1%)。其中，属于根霉属的3个OTU（2.9%）出现率超过75%，而 75 个 OTU 的出现率低于 25%，表明 AMF 社区由少数通才和大量稀有 OTU 组成。非度量多维标度和置换多变量方差分析显示高粱基因型没有 AMF 特异性。社区集会受到中性过程的强烈影响，但 11 个 OTU 的相对频率高于中性模型的预期。结果包括AMF对土壤环境的适应性和寄主植物的积极选择也影响AMF群落组装的可能性。我们的工作表明，在半干旱的苏丹农田中，只有少数根茎属植物在没有宿主植物基因型特异性的情况下占主导地位。