Several high‐sulfidation epithermal gold orebodies in the Mankayan Mineral District were formed in an environment that has been already affected by earlier porphyry‐type mineralization. This study reports the geologic and geochemical characteristics of the Carmen and Florence epithermal orebodies, which are located in the south of the Lepanto main enargite–gold orebody. The gold‐bearing epithermal quartz veins in the Carmen and Florence areas are of two types: (i) the enargite‐rich veins and (ii) the quartz–pyrite–gold (QPG) veins. The two types of veins are mainly hosted by the Cretaceous Lepanto Metavolcanics basement rocks, with minor veins cutting the Pleistocene Imbanguila Dacite Pyroclastics. The mineral assemblages and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions indicate that the Carmen and Florence orebodies were deposited by fluids varying from high to very high sulfidation state. The enargite and QPG epithermal veins of Carmen and Florence cut porphyry‐type quartz veinlet stockworks and veins that host polyphase hypersaline fluid inclusions that did not homogenize at or below 400°C. These high‐temperature quartz exhibits distinctly different mineral chemistry from the quartz of the QPG and enargite‐rich epithermal veins. In particular, the Ti content of quartz of the porphyry‐type veinlet stockwork is elevated (>100 ppm), whereas the Ti concentration of the epithermal vein quartz crystals are below detection limits. The Fe concentration of quartz is high in epithermal vein quartz (>300 ppm), whereas nearly undetected in the porphyry‐type stockwork veinlet quartz. Multiple generations of quartz with different mineral chemistry, fluid inclusions morphology, temperature, salinity and bulk gas compositions, and stable isotopic ratios indicate the variable hydrothermal conditions throughout the mineralization history of the Mankayan District. The temperature, pH, sulfidation state, oxidation state, and fluid composition vary among the orebodies in Carmen and Florence areas. Furthermore, the characteristics of earlier alteration affected the apparent characteristics of subsequent mineralization.

中文翻译：

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菲律宾Mankayan矿区多个热液系统中脉石英的地球化学和流体包裹体分析

Mankayan矿区中的几个高硫化超热金矿床是在早先斑岩型矿化已经影响的环境中形成的。这项研究报告了卡门和佛罗伦萨超热矿体的地质和地球化学特征，这些矿体位于勒潘托主要凝块-金矿体的南部。卡门和佛罗伦萨地区的含金超热石英脉有两种类型：（i）富辉沸石脉和（ii）石英-黄铁矿-金（QPG）脉。两种类型的脉主要由白垩纪的Lepanto Metavolcanics基底岩主成，少量的脉切开更新世的Imbanguila Dacite碎屑岩。流体包裹体的矿物组成和均质温度表明，卡门和佛罗伦萨矿体是由硫化状态从高到非常高的流体沉积的。卡门和弗洛伦斯的蛇麻岩和QPG超热脉切开了斑岩型石英小脉储层，并保留了多相高盐流体包裹体的脉，这些包裹体在400°C或以下均不均质。这些高温石英的矿物化学与QPG石英和富含辉镁岩的超热矿脉的矿物化学截然不同。尤其是斑岩型细脉储料中石英的Ti含量增加（> 100 ppm），而超热脉状石英晶体的Ti浓度低于检测极限。超热脉石英中的Fe含量很高（> 300 ppm），而在斑岩型储层细脉石英中几乎未被发现。具有不同矿物化学，流体包裹体形态，温度，盐度和大量气体组成以及稳定的同位素比的多代石英表明，在整个曼凯扬区的成矿史中，热液条件各不相同。卡门和佛罗伦萨地区的矿体之间的温度，pH，硫化状态，氧化状态和流体组成各不相同。此外，早期蚀变的特征影响了随后矿化的表观特征。稳定的同位素比值表明在整个Mankayan地区的成矿史中，热液条件各不相同。卡门和佛罗伦萨地区的矿体之间的温度，pH，硫化状态，氧化状态和流体组成各不相同。此外，早期蚀变的特征影响了随后矿化的表观特征。稳定的同位素比值表明在整个Mankayan地区的成矿史中，热液条件各不相同。卡门和佛罗伦萨地区的矿体之间的温度，pH，硫化状态，氧化状态和流体组成各不相同。此外，早期蚀变的特征影响了随后矿化的表观特征。