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Development and Evaluation of a Volumetric Quantification Method for Fecal Particle Size Classification in Rainbow Trout Fed Different Diets
North American Journal of Aquaculture ( IF 1 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-13 , DOI: 10.1002/naaq.10138
Thomas L. Welker 1 , Ken Overturf 1 , Frederic Barrows 2
Affiliation  

Alternative plant protein sources, such as soybean meal, can interfere with digestion due to the presence of anti‐nutritional factors that cause a diarrhea‐like condition in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, resulting in very fine fecal particles that can adversely affect aquaculture systems and the environment. More research is needed to examine the impacts of feed formulation changes on fecal quality. The prevailing method (laser diffraction) used to measure fecal particle size (FPS) requires expensive equipment and is labor intensive. Methods for FPS measurement that are affordable and easy to implement are required. We developed a visual, volumetric method that can separate feces into three particle size‐classes. Feces were collected from tanks fitted with radial flow separators, transferred to Imhoff cones, and allowed to settle. Three distinct layers were visually identified, and microscopic analysis was used to categorize them into three particle size‐classes: larger than 1.2 mm (bottom layer or large particles), 0.6–1.2 mm (middle layer or mid‐sized particles), and 0.5 mm or smaller (top layer or fines). Independent observations confirmed that the method is reproducible and without observer bias. In a second study, the method was validated and further tested during a 4‐week trial evaluating the effects of three diets (fish meal, plant based, or plant based + guar gum) and two feeding methods (hand feeding to satiation or automated belt feeding) on FPS production. Diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, containing protein at 40 g/kg and lipid at 20 g/kg. Addition of guar gum significantly reduced the production of fines and increased the production of large fecal particles in Rainbow Trout (150 g/fish) that were fed the plant‐based diet, but feeding method had no effect on FPS.

中文翻译:

虹鳟鱼不同饮食粪便粒度分类的定量方法的发展与评价

由于存在抗营养因子,导致虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss出现类似腹泻的情况,其他植物蛋白源(例如豆粕)可能会干扰消化。,产生非常细的粪便颗粒,会对水产养殖系统和环境产生不利影响。需要更多的研究来检查饲料配方变化对粪便质量的影响。用于测量粪便粒径(FPS)的主要方法(激光衍射)需要昂贵的设备,并且劳动强度大。需要价格合理且易于实施的FPS测量方法。我们开发了一种可视的体积方法,可以将粪便分为三个粒径等级。从装有径向流分离器的水箱中收集粪便,将其转移至Imhoff圆锥,并使其沉降。目视识别出三个不同的层,并使用显微镜分析将其分为三个粒径级别:大于1.2毫米(底部层或大颗粒),0.6-1。2毫米(中间层或中等尺寸的颗粒),和0.5毫米或更小(顶层或细粉)。独立观察证实,该方法是可重现的,没有观察者偏见。在第二项研究中,该方法在为期4周的试验中得到了验证和进一步测试,该试验评估了三种饮食(鱼粉,植物性或植物性+瓜尔豆胶)和两种喂养方法(人工喂养至饱足或自动传送带)的效果饲料)上的FPS生产。日粮是等氮和等能的,蛋白质含量为40 g / kg,脂质含量为20 g / kg。在以植物性饮食为食的虹鳟鱼(150克/鱼)中添加瓜尔豆胶可显着减少细粉的产生并增加大粪便颗粒的产生,但喂养方法对FPS无效。独立观察证实,该方法是可重现的,没有观察者偏见。在第二项研究中,该方法在为期4周的试验中得到了验证和进一步测试,该试验评估了三种饮食(鱼粉,植物性或植物性+瓜尔豆胶)和两种喂养方法(人工喂养至饱足或自动传送带)的效果饲料)上的FPS生产。日粮是等氮和等能的,蛋白质含量为40 g / kg,脂质含量为20 g / kg。在以植物性饮食为食的虹鳟鱼(150克/鱼)中添加瓜尔豆胶可显着减少细粉的产生并增加大粪便颗粒的产生,但喂养方法对FPS无效。独立观察证实,该方法是可重现的,没有观察者偏见。在第二项研究中,该方法在为期4周的试验中得到了验证和进一步测试,该试验评估了三种饮食(鱼粉,植物性或植物性+瓜尔豆胶)和两种喂养方法(人工喂养至饱足或自动传送带)的效果饲料)上的FPS生产。日粮是等氮和等能的,蛋白质含量为40 g / kg,脂质含量为20 g / kg。在以植物性饮食为食的虹鳟鱼(150克/鱼)中添加瓜尔豆胶可显着减少细粉的产生并增加大粪便颗粒的产生,但喂养方法对FPS无效。在为期4周的试验中对该方法进行了验证并进行了进一步测试,该试验评估了三种饮食(鱼粉,植物性或植物性+瓜尔豆胶)和两种喂养方法(人工喂养至饱足或自动皮带喂养)对FPS生产的影响。日粮是等氮和等能的,蛋白质含量为40 g / kg,脂质含量为20 g / kg。在以植物性饮食为食的虹鳟鱼(150克/鱼)中添加瓜尔豆胶可显着减少细粉的产生并增加大粪便颗粒的产生,但喂养方法对FPS无效。在为期4周的试验中对该方法进行了验证并进行了进一步测试,该试验评估了三种饮食(鱼粉,植物性或植物性+瓜尔豆胶)和两种喂养方法(人工喂养至饱足或自动皮带喂养)对FPS生产的影响。日粮是等氮和等能的,蛋白质含量为40 g / kg,脂质含量为20 g / kg。在以植物性饮食为食的虹鳟鱼(150克/鱼)中添加瓜尔豆胶可显着减少细粉的产生并增加大粪便颗粒的产生,但喂养方法对FPS无效。
更新日期:2020-02-13
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