ABSTRACT We examined food chain length and food web complexity as indicators for assessing shallow lake resilience from 18 lowland lakes, which included lakes in near-reference condition through to lakes that had undergone catastrophic regime shifts. We observed a trend of decreasing food chain length and food web complexity in lakes that had undergone regime shifts. Across the full trophic gradient, food web metrics were correlated with factors related to trophic status (e.g. chlorophyll-a) and macrophyte loss (e.g. exotic herbivorous fish), which have been previously associated with regime shifts in lakes. With increasing eutrophication, we identified a shift away from omnivory mostly in the lower trophic levels. Factors that impinge on macrophyte communities, such as nutrient loading and herbivory, reduce the resilience of shallow lake ecosystems, which is reflected in changes to lake food web structure. Thus, food web indicators can inform about the sensitivity of shallow lakes to eutrophication.

中文翻译：

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评估与营养丰富、大型植物崩溃和浅水低地湖泊湖泊恢复力相关的食物网结构

摘要 我们将食物链长度和食物网复杂性作为评估 18 个低地湖泊的浅层湖泊恢复力的指标，其中包括处于接近参考条件的湖泊到经历了灾难性状况转变的湖泊。我们观察到在经历了政权更替的湖泊中，食物链长度和食物网复杂性呈下降趋势。在整个营养梯度中，食物网指标与营养状态（例如叶绿素-a）和大型植物损失（例如外来食草鱼）相关的因素相关，这些因素以前与湖泊的状态变化有关。随着富营养化的增加，我们发现主要在较低营养水平上远离杂食。影响大型植物群落的因素，例如养分负荷和食草，降低浅湖生态系统的恢复力，这反映在湖泊食物网结构的变化上。因此，食物网指标可以告知浅湖对富营养化的敏感性。