Indigenous grassland ecosystems worldwide are increasingly subject to shrub encroachment. A key factor determining encroachment patterns is the availability of shrub propagules in the areas surrounding the grasslands. We here provide a multi‐scale spatial analysis of the geographic distribution (geographic space) and the climatic conditions (environmental space) of potential native and exotic shrub propagule pressure for New Zealand's main grassland types. We show that alpine grasslands are most at risk from native, and low‐producing grasslands are most at risk from exotic shrub propagule pressure. Inferred spatial patterns of potential propagule pressure differ between the local, landscape and regional scale.

中文翻译：

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地理空间与环境空间：新西兰本土草原上潜在的原生和外来木质繁殖体压力的模式

全球土著草原生态系统越来越受到灌木丛的侵害。决定侵蚀方式的关键因素是草地周围地区灌木繁殖体的可用性。我们在此提供了针对新西兰主要草地类型的潜在原生和外来灌木繁殖体压力的地理分布（地理空间）和气候条件（环境空间）的多尺度空间分析。我们表明，高山草原受到原生植物的威胁最大，低产草原受到异国灌木繁殖体压力的威胁最大。推断的潜在传播压力的空间模式在局部，景观和区域范围之间有所不同。