Sponges alter the proportion of structural and morphological components such as spicule skeleton and number of oscula in response to environment, development and growth. Such mechanisms indicate morphological and physiological variations within populations. We measured the pumping rate of different sized specimens of contractile sponge Cinachyrella cf. cavernosa present in the intertidal rock pools, during morning and afternoon low tides along the central west coast of India. Additionally, we measured the exhalant opening (oscular cross‐sectional area—OSA), tissue density, spicule skeleton weight and the abundance of choanocyte chambers to assess the morphological variations. Water temperature and sponge size showed a significant positive effect on pumping rate. OSA and the number of oscula increased with sponge size, but the sponge volume‐specific pumping rate did not increase (0.029 ± 0.020 ml/s ml^‐1). Histological sections showed the abundance of chaonocyte chambers increased marginally with the sponge size, but the contraction state affected the count. Both tissue density and spicule skeleton weight were positively correlated with sponge size, particularly the increase in the size and number of spicule bundles radiating from the centre indicated a denser core in larger specimens. The subcortical lacunae and the peripheral choanosome with high abundance of canals appear to be the major volume reduction zones during contraction events. Our results indicate that the size and number of spicule bundles increase with sponge volume and the variation in temperature, contraction state, and size and number of oscula influence the pumping rate of C. cf. cavernosa.

中文翻译：

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与温度和大小相关的骨骼结构和接骨横截面积的差异会影响收缩海绵海绵体的抽吸速度。卡维诺萨

海绵会根据环境，发育和生长而改变结构和形态成分（例如，针状骨骼和眼孔的数量）的比例。这种机制表明了种群内的形态和生理变异。我们测量了收缩海绵Cinachyrella cf的不同尺寸标本的抽气速率。卡维诺萨在印度中部西海岸的早潮和午潮时出现在潮间带岩池中。此外，我们测量了呼气口（眼部横截面积-OSA），组织密度，针状骨架重量和软骨细胞腔的丰度，以评估形态变化。水温和海绵尺寸对抽水率有明显的积极影响。OSA和眼睑的数量随海绵尺寸的增加而增加，但海绵体积特定的抽速没有增加（0.029±0.020 ml / s ml ^-1）。组织学切片显示，随着海绵大小的增加，卵母细胞腔的丰度略有增加，但收缩状态影响计数。组织密度和针状骨架的重量均与海绵的大小呈正相关，特别是从中心放射的针状束的大小和数量的增加表明较大的标本中的核心较密。在收缩过程中，皮质下腔和周围高密度的运河小管似乎是主要的体积减少区。我们的结果表明，针刺束的大小和数量随海绵体积的增加而增加，温度，收缩状态的变化以及小孔的大小和数量的变化会影响C的泵送速率。cf. Cavernosa。