Mountain lakes experience extreme interannual climate variation as well as rapidly warming air temperatures, making them ideal systems to understand lake‐climate responses. Snowpack and water temperature are highly correlated in mountain lakes, but we lack a complete understanding of underlying mechanisms. Motivated by predicted declines in snowfall with future temperature increases, we investigated how surface heat fluxes and lake warming responded to variation in snowpack, ice‐off, and summer weather patterns in a high elevation lake in the Sierra Nevada, California. Ice‐off timing determined the phenology of lake exposure to solar radiation, and was the dominant mechanism linking snowpack to lake temperature. The relative importance of heat loss fluxes (longwave radiation, latent and sensible heat exchange) varied among wet and dry years. Declines in snowpack and ice cover in mountain systems will reduce variability in lake thermal responses and increase the responsiveness of lake warming to atmospheric forcing.

中文翻译：

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Snowpack确定了导致夏季湖泊变暖的气候因素的相对重要性

高山湖泊的年际气候变化极大，空气温度迅速升高，因此成为了解湖泊气候响应的理想系统。积雪和水温在高山湖泊中高度相关，但是我们对潜在的机制缺乏全面的了解。受预测的降雪量与未来温度升高的关系的影响，我们调查了加利福尼亚内华达州一个高海拔湖泊的地表热通量和湖泊变暖对积雪，结冰和夏季天气模式变化的响应。结冰时间决定了湖泊暴露于太阳辐射的物候，并且是将积雪与湖泊温度联系起来的主要机制。热损失通量（长波辐射，潜热和显热交换）的相对重要性在干年和干年之间有所不同。