Abstract Horne AJ, Jung R, Lai H, Faisst B, Beutel, M. 2019. Hypolimnetic oxygenation 2: oxygen dynamics in a large reservoir with submerged down-flow contact oxygenation (Speece cone). Lake Reserv Manage. 35:323–337. Low dissolved oxygen (DO) in the sediments of Camanche Reservoir, California (513 million m3, 31 km2), produced toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Direct hypolimnetic oxygenation suppressed H2S without provoking early destratification and cold-water fish problems downstream. A cool, bubble-free plume directed horizontally over the sediments was chosen over a rising bubble plume. A submerged, down-flow contact oxygenator (Speece cone) pumped anoxic water from 5 m above the sediments to the top of a 7 m high cone to dissolve a counterflow of rising pure oxygen bubbles. The bubble-free, highly oxygenated discharge (80 mg/L) was diluted to fish-safe levels (8 mg/L) and directed up-reservoir via jets in a 45 m long manifold. Placing the cone on the bottom near the dam increased hydraulic pressure and doubled oxygen solubility. Poor-quality hypolimnion water (DO <2 mg/L, redox 18–100 mV, H2S odors) was converted to good-quality water (DO 3–7 mg/L, redox >300 mV, no H2S odors). Comparing preoxygenation hypolimnion DO decline (0.1 mg/L/d) with oxygenation temporarily switched off (0.23 mg/L/d) gave a full-scale estimate of induced hypolimnion oxygen demand. In 1994, the oxygenated plume moved 4.5 km upstream at 0.1 cm/s via natural water motion. No long pipes were needed. About 18% of the bottom hypolimnion was directly oxidized in the cone and 1.8 times the total volume was indirectly oxidized via entrainment in the plume. After 10 yr, oxygen additions were reduced by >50% with no deleterious effects.

中文翻译：

---

Hypolimnetic 氧合 2：大型水库中的氧动力学与淹没下流接触氧合（Speece 锥体）

摘要 Horne AJ, Jung R, Lai H, Faisst B, Beutel, M. 2019. Hypolimnetic 氧合 2: 大型水库中的氧动力学与淹没向下流动接触氧合 (Speece 锥)。湖泊保护区管理。35:323-337。加利福尼亚州卡曼奇水库（5.13 亿立方米，31 平方公里）沉积物中的低溶解氧 (DO) 产生了有毒的硫化氢 (H2S)。直接下潜氧合抑制了 H2S，而不会引起下游的早期去层化和冷水鱼问题。在上升的气泡羽流上选择水平指向沉积物的凉爽、无气泡羽流。一个浸入式下流接触式氧合器（Speece 锥体）将缺氧水从沉积物上方 5 m 处泵送到 7 m 高锥体的顶部，以溶解上升的纯氧气泡的逆流。无气泡，高含氧排放物 (80 mg/L) 被稀释到鱼类安全水平 (8 mg/L)，并通过 45 m 长歧管中的喷射器引导向上水库。将锥体放置在靠近大坝的底部会增加水压并使氧气溶解度增加一倍。劣质水（DO <2 mg/L，氧化还原 18-100 mV，H2S 气味）被转化为优质水（DO 3-7 mg/L，氧化还原 >300 mV，无 H2S 气味）。将预充氧低水温 DO 下降 (0.1 毫克/升/天) 与暂时关闭氧合 (0.23 毫克/升/天) 进行比较，可以全面估计诱导的低水温需氧量。1994 年，含氧羽流通过自然水运动以 0.1 厘米/秒的速度向上游移动 4.5 公里。不需要长管道。大约 18% 的底部低层水在锥体中被直接氧化，总体积的 1.8 倍通过羽流中的夹带被间接氧化。