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150-million-year-old sea spiders (Pycnogonida: Pantopoda) of Solnhofen
Journal of Systematic Palaeontology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-08 , DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2019.1571534
Romain Sabroux 1 , Denis Audo 2, 3 , Sylvain Charbonnier 4 , Laure Corbari 1 , Alexandre Hassanin 1
Affiliation  

Sea spiders (Pycnogonida) are strange arthropods characterized by a unique morphology, including reduced body, egg-carrying appendages and a proboscis. This peculiar body plan dates at least as early as the first undoubted occurrence of the group, 425 million years ago in the Silurian. All extant species belong to the order Pantopoda, characterized by cylindrical legs and an unsegmented abdomen. Palaeozoic fossils are much more diversified and exhibit features very different from pantopod morphology such as a segmented abdomen, limbs specialized to swim, or even a flagellum. The few Mesozoic fossils from the single Jurassic palaeoenvironment of La Voulte-sur-Rhône (south-eastern France) instead have strong affinities to Pantopoda. Here, we investigate the morphology of nine sea spider fossils using a new photographic protocol to document morphology, combining focus stacking and differential colourization. We also describe two new species of fossil pycnogonids from the Late Jurassic of Solnhofen (southern Germany): Colossopantopodus nanus sp. nov. is closely allied to a large species from La Voulte-sur-Rhône, but distinct in its smaller size; the other, ?Eurycyde golem sp. nov., is the first known fossil representative of the extant family Ascorhynchidae. Seven additional specimens, too poorly preserved for taxonomic description, are illustrated. The comparisons reveal that the shallow lagoons of Solnhofen contained a diverse assemblage of pantopods. Altogether with the fauna of La Voulte-sur-Rhône, the results suggest that Pantopoda became the dominant pycnogonid taxon of both deep and shallow marine waters after the Jurassic.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3C7AB6BF-A161-435F-B85C-53220A833188



中文翻译:

索尔恩霍芬有1.5亿年历史的海蜘蛛(Pycnogonida:Pantopoda)

海蜘蛛(Pycnogonida)是奇怪的节肢动物,其特征是独特的形态,包括身体缩小,携带鸡蛋的附属物和长鼻。这个特殊的人体计划至少可以早在该志留纪的4.25亿年前就可以确定。所有现存物种都属于潘托普达科(Pantopoda),其特征是腿部呈圆柱状,腹部没有节段。古生代化石更加多样化,并且表现出与足脚类形态非常不同的特征,例如腹部分段,专门游泳的四肢甚至鞭毛。相反,罗纳河畔拉武尔(法国东南部)的单一侏罗纪古环境中的少数中生代化石与Pantopoda有很强的亲和力。这里,我们使用一种新的照相协议来研究九种海蜘蛛化石的形态,以记录形态,并结合了焦点叠加和差分着色。我们还描述了索伦霍芬晚侏罗世(德国南部)的两种新化石化石:Colossopantopodus冬青属。十一月 与来自罗纳河畔拉武尔特的大型物种紧密相连,但规模较小;另一个, ?Eurycyde golem sp。十一月,是现存科Ascorhynchidae的第一个已知化石代表。说明了另外七个标本,这些标本保存得太差,无法进行分类学描述。比较结果表明,索尔恩霍芬的浅泻湖包含各种各样的脚足类动物。结果表明,与罗讷河畔拉瓦尔河畔的动物群一起,侏罗纪以后,潘托帕达已成为深水和浅水海域的主要侏罗纪类群。

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3C7AB6BF-A161-435F-B85C-53220A833188

更新日期:2019-03-08
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