Birds in the genus Cinclodes are habitat specialists, with most restricted to the highlands of South America. The recently described Cipo Cinclodes (C. espinhacensis) is isolated in the southern Espinhaço Range of Brazil and is considered Endangered in Brazil and Near Threatened by the IUCN, but as a subspecies of Long‐tailed Cinclodes (C. pabsti). We examined the population and spatial ecology of Cipo Cinclodes at two geographic scales to improve our understanding of their basic biology and conservation status. We monitored 30 birds at Serra do Breu and found relatively large home ranges (mean = 9.3 ha), a density of paired adults of 0.09/ha, a male‐skewed adult sex ratio (males/total adults = 0.57) due to territories occupied by unpaired males, and long‐term site fidelity. Cipo Cinclodes used all habitat types available in our study area, including rocky outcrops, grasslands, and riparian areas, but habitat selection analyses revealed the importance of riparian areas for foraging and rocky outcrops for nesting. At the species distribution scale, we compiled known and novel recorded occurrence points and used them to calculate the extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO). We used a Maxent species distribution model to generate a binary map to estimate upper limits for EOO (EOO around the model predicted area) and AOO (comprised by the model predicted area within the EOO). We obtained 41 locations, resulting in an EOO of 890.7 km² (up to 1748.7 km²) and an AOO of 100 km² (up to 327.5 km²). The global population is estimated to be between 880 and 2882 birds, which is concerning because small populations are at risk of extinction due to demographic stochasticity, genetic drift, and the interaction of these factors. As such, our results support the designation of Cipo Cinclodes as Endangered on the Brazilian red list.

中文翻译：

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巴西高地微地方性火鸟鸟Cipo Cinclodes（Cinclodes espinhacensis）的空间生态学和保护

仙客来属中的鸟类是栖息地专家，多数只限于南美高地。最近描述的Cipo梭菌（C. espinhacensis）在巴西南部的Espinhaço山脉中被隔离，被认为在巴西濒临灭绝，并受到IUCN的威胁，但作为长尾梭菌（C. pabsti）的一个亚种。）。我们在两个地理尺度上研究了Cipo梭菌的种群和空间生态，以增进我们对它们的基本生物学和保护状况的了解。我们在Serra do Breu监视了30只鸟，发现其相对较大的居所范围（平均= 9.3公顷），成年成对密度为0.09 / ha，成年男性成年男女比例偏高（成年男性/成年总数= 0.57）不成对的雄性，以及长期的站点保真度。Cipo Cinclodes使用了我们研究区域内所有可用的栖息地类型，包括岩石露头，草地和河岸地区，但栖息地选择分析表明，河岸地区觅食和岩石露头用于筑巢的重要性。在物种分布规模上 我们汇总了已知的和新颖的记录的发生点，并使用它们来计算发生程度（EOO）和占用面积（AOO）。我们使用Maxent物种分布模型来生成二进制图，以估算EOO（模型预测区域周围的EOO）和AOO（由EOO中的模型预测区域组成）的上限。我们获得了41个位置，得出的EOO为890.7 km²（最高1748.7 km ²）和100 km ²（最高327.5 km ²）的AOO 。据估计，全球人口在880到2882头之间，这令人担忧，因为人口统计的随机性，遗传漂移以及这些因素的相互作用使小种群有灭绝的风险。因此，我们的结果支持将Cipo Cinclodes列入巴西红色名录中的濒危物种。