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A generalization of Heffter arrays
Journal of Combinatorial Designs ( IF 0.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-19 , DOI: 10.1002/jcd.21684
Simone Costa 1 , Fiorenza Morini 2 , Anita Pasotti 3 , Marco Antonio Pellegrini 4
Affiliation  

In this paper we define a new class of partially filled arrays, called relative Heffter arrays, that are a generalization of the Heffter arrays introduced by Archdeacon in 2015. Let $v=2nk+t$ be a positive integer, where $t$ divides $2nk$, and let $J$ be the subgroup of $\mathbb{Z}_v$ of order $t$. A $H_t(m,n; s,k)$ Heffter array over $\mathbb{Z}_v$ relative to $J$ is an $m\times n$ partially filled array with elements in $\mathbb{Z}_v$ such that: (a) each row contains $s$ filled cells and each column contains $k$ filled cells; (b) for every $x\in \mathbb{Z}_v\setminus J$, either $x$ or $-x$ appears in the array; (c) the elements in every row and column sum to $0$. Here we study the existence of square integer (i.e. with entries chosen in $\pm\left\{1,\dots,\left\lfloor \frac{2nk+t}{2}\right\rfloor \right\}$ and where the sums are zero in $\mathbb{Z}$) relative Heffter arrays for $t=k$, denoted by $H_k(n;k)$. In particular, we prove that for $3\leq k\leq n$, with $k\neq 5$, there exists an integer $H_k(n;k)$ if and only if one of the following holds: (a) $k$ is odd and $n\equiv 0,3\pmod 4$; (b) $k\equiv 2\pmod 4$ and $n$ is even; (c) $k\equiv 0\pmod 4$. Also, we show how these arrays give rise to cyclic cycle decompositions of the complete multipartite graph.

中文翻译:

Heffter 数组的泛化

在本文中,我们定义了一类新的部分填充数组,称为相对 Heffter 数组,它是 Archdeacon 在 2015 年引入的 Heffter 数组的推广。令 $v=2nk+t$ 为正整数,其中 $t$ 除$2nk$,令$J$为$t$阶$\mathbb{Z}_v$的子群。相对于 $J$ 在 $\mathbb{Z}_v$ 上的 $H_t(m,n; s,k)$ Heffter 数组是 $m\times n$ 部分填充的数组,其中元素位于 $\mathbb{Z}_v $ 使得: (a) 每行包含 $s$ 个填充单元格,每列包含 $k$ 个填充单元格;(b) 对于每个 $x\in \mathbb{Z}_v\setminus J$,$x$ 或 $-x$ 出现在数组中;(c) 每行每列的元素总和为 $0$。这里我们研究平方整数的存在性(即在 $\pm\left\{1,\dots, \left\lfloor \frac{2nk+t}{2}\right\rfloor \right\}$ 和 $\mathbb{Z}$ 中的总和为零)$t=k$ 的相对 Heffter 数组,表示为$H_k(n;k)$。特别地,我们证明对于 $3\leq k\leq n$,当 $k\neq 5$ 时,存在整数 $H_k(n;k)$ 当且仅当以下条件之一成立: (a) $ k$ 是奇数且 $n\equiv 0,3\pmod 4$;(b) $k\equiv 2\pmod 4$ 和 $n$ 是偶数;(c) $k\equiv 0\pmod 4$。此外,我们展示了这些数组如何引起完整多部分图的循环循环分解。
更新日期:2019-11-19
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