A “performance gap” arises when the actual value of building energy consumption during the operational phase deviates from the value predicted using simulation during the design phase. One cause of this performance gap is that operation is not ideal, as assumed in the simulation, and the control of the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is not optimized. These problems occur because the operator has not been trained sufficiently and/or the building automation system is not working as intended by the developer. Both problems are fundamentally caused by the fact that the quality of building operation cannot be quantitatively evaluated by comparison with other buildings because a building is a heterogenous, single-item product. To address the performance gap problem, we developed a method for quantitatively evaluating building operation using a precise simulation based on a thermal environment emulator. The emulator software was developed using the BACnet protocol as an interface to the real world and includes an occupant behavior model to enable the assessment of operation in terms of thermal comfort as well as energy performance. In this paper, we report on the program and network structure of the proposed emulator. In addition, we show the concrete results of changing the operational control, and we assess changes in energy performance and comfort from the perspective of Pareto efficiency.

当运营阶段的建筑能耗实际值与设计阶段通过仿真预测的值偏离时，就会出现“性能差距”。这种性能差距的一个原因是，如模拟中所假设的那样，运行不理想，并且未优化加热，通风和空调（HVAC）系统的控制。发生这些问题的原因是，操作员没有经过足够的培训和/或建筑物自动化系统未按开发人员的预期工作。从根本上讲，这两个问题都是由于建筑物是异类的单项产品，因此无法通过与其他建筑物进行比较来定量评估建筑物的运行质量。为了解决性能差距问题，我们开发了一种使用基于热环境仿真器的精确模拟对建筑物运行进行定量评估的方法。该仿真器软件是使用BACnet协议作为与现实世界的接口而开发的，并包括一个乘员行为模型，以能够根据热舒适性和能源性能评估操作。在本文中，我们报告了拟议仿真器的程序和网络结构。此外，我们还展示了更改操作控制的具体结果，并从帕累托效率的角度评估了能源性能和舒适度的变化。该仿真器软件是使用BACnet协议作为与现实世界的接口而开发的，并包括一个乘员行为模型，以便能够根据热舒适性和能源性能评估操作。在本文中，我们报告了拟议仿真器的程序和网络结构。此外，我们还展示了更改操作控制的具体结果，并从帕累托效率的角度评估了能源性能和舒适度的变化。该仿真器软件是使用BACnet协议作为与现实世界的接口而开发的，并包括一个乘员行为模型，以便能够根据热舒适性和能源性能评估操作。在本文中，我们报告了拟议仿真器的程序和网络结构。此外，我们还展示了更改操作控制的具体结果，并从帕累托效率的角度评估了能源性能和舒适度的变化。