Usu volcano has erupted nine times since 1663. Most eruptive events started with an explosive eruption, which was followed by the formation of lava domes. However, the ages of several summit lava domes and craters remain uncertain. The petrological features of tephra deposits erupted from 1663 to 1853 are known to change systematically. In this study, we correlated lavas with tephras under the assumption that lava and tephra samples from the same event would have similar petrological features. Although the initial explosive eruption in 1663 was not accompanied by lava effusion, lava dome or cryptodome formation was associated with subsequent explosive eruptions. We inferred the location of the vent associated with each event from the location of the associated lava dome and the pyroclastic flow deposit distribution and found that the position of the active vent within the summit caldera differed for each eruption from the late 17th through the 19th century. Moreover, we identified a previously unrecognized lava dome produced by a late 17th century eruption; this dome was largely destroyed by an explosive eruption in 1822 and was replaced by a new lava dome during a later stage of the 1822 event at nearly the same place as the destroyed dome. This new interpretation of the sequence of events is consistent with historical sketches and documents. Our results show that petrological correlation, together with geological evidence, is useful not only for reconstructing volcanic eruption sequences but also for gaining insight into future potential disasters.

中文翻译：

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从特非拉斯与圆顶熔岩之间的岩石学相关性推断日本北海道乌苏火山喷发历史的重建

自1663年以来，乌苏火山爆发了9次。大多数爆发事件始于爆发性喷发，随后形成熔岩穹顶。但是，几个山顶熔岩穹顶和火山口的年龄仍然不确定。已知1663年至1853年爆发的特非拉沉积物的岩石学特征会系统地改变。在这项研究中，我们假设来自同一事件的熔岩和特非拉样品具有相似的岩石学特征，因此将熔岩与特非拉相关联。尽管1663年最初的爆发性喷发并未伴有熔岩喷发，但随后形成的熔岩圆顶或隐蔽穹顶却与随后的爆发性喷发有关。我们从相关的熔岩穹顶的位置和火山碎屑流沉积物的分布推断出与每个事件相关的喷口的位置，发现从17世纪末到19世纪，每次喷发时活动喷口在顶峰破火山口中的位置都不同。 。此外，我们发现了17世纪晚期喷发产生的先前未被识别的熔岩穹顶。这个圆顶在1822年的一次爆发性喷发中被摧毁，并在1822年晚些时候的活动中，在与被毁圆顶几乎相同的地方被一个新的熔岩圆顶所取代。对事件顺序的这种新解释与历史草图和文献一致。我们的结果表明，岩石学相关性以及地质证据