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Quantifying factors influencing American lobster (Homarus americanus) predation on the invasive green crab (Carcinus maenas) in Newfoundland, Canada
Invertebrate Biology ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-05-17 , DOI: 10.1111/ivb.12245
Gemma Rayner 1 , Tomas J. Bird 1 , Iain J. McGaw 1
Affiliation  

The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) is a newly invasive species in Newfoundland, where it has likely been present for ≤15 years. The green crab has been found in stomach contents of American lobster (Homarus americanus) in New England and Nova Scotia, Canada, but predation on this species has not yet been quantified in Newfoundland. We conducted feeding experiments to determine whether lobsters from Newfoundland were as likely as those from Nova Scotia (which have coexisted with green crabs for >60 years) to recognize and prey upon this new species. We also performed experiments to determine whether green crabs reach a size refuge from predation and whether factors including starvation, availability of alternate food sources, or habitat complexity would influence the probability of lobster attacking or feeding on green crabs. In our trials, lobster origin had no significant effect on crab predation; lobsters, irrespective of origin, were more likely to consume small (<40 mm carapace width [CW]) and medium (40–65 mm CW) crabs than larger (>65 mm CW) ones. Nevertheless, even small lobsters (73–76 mm carapace length, 300 g) were able to kill and consume the largest green crabs (78 mm CW, 100 g). Green crabs were less likely to be attacked or eaten when an alternative food source was present, suggesting that the lobsters were preying on the crabs, rather than simply killing them in a dispute over territory. The addition of a shelter provided a refuge for the green crabs; however, the crabs were only able to avoid being injured or eaten if this shelter was structurally complex. The green crab is slowly spreading westward around the island of Newfoundland, and so its long‐term effects, interactions with other organisms, and contribution to the diet of Newfoundland lobsters remain to be seen.

中文翻译:

量化影响美国纽芬兰侵入性绿蟹(Carcinus maenas)上的美国龙虾(Homarus americanus)捕食的因素

欧洲绿蟹(Carcinus maenas)是纽芬兰的一种新入侵物种,它可能已经存在≤15年。在美国龙虾(Homarus americanus)的胃中发现了绿蟹。)在加拿大新英格兰和新斯科舍省,但是在纽芬兰尚未对该物种的捕食进行定量。我们进行了饲养实验,以确定来自纽芬兰的龙虾是否像新斯科舍省(与青蟹共存超过60年)一样,能够识别并捕食这种新物种。我们还进行了实验,以确定青蟹是否能从捕食中达到大小的庇护所,以及饥饿,替代食物来源的可用性或栖息地的复杂性等因素是否会影响龙虾袭击或捕食青蟹的可能性。在我们的试验中,龙虾的起源对蟹类捕食没有显着影响。不论起源如何,龙虾比大的(> 65毫米CW)。然而,即使是小的龙虾(甲壳长73-76 mm,300 g)也能杀死和食用最大的绿蟹(CW 78 mm,100 g)。当存在其他食物来源时,青蟹不太可能受到攻击或食用,这表明龙虾在捕食螃蟹,而不是在领土争端中简单地杀死它们。增设庇护所为绿蟹提供了庇护所;但是,只有在这种庇护所结构复杂的情况下,螃蟹才能够避免受伤或被吃掉。绿蟹在纽芬兰岛上缓慢向西扩散,因此其长期影响,与其他生物的相互作用以及对纽芬兰龙虾饮食的贡献尚待观察。300克)能够杀死和食用最大的绿蟹(78毫米CW,100克)。当存在其他食物来源时,青蟹不太可能受到攻击或食用,这表明龙虾在捕食螃蟹,而不是在领土争端中简单地杀死它们。增设庇护所为绿蟹提供了庇护所;但是,只有在这种庇护所结构复杂的情况下,螃蟹才能够避免受伤或被吃掉。绿蟹在纽芬兰岛上缓慢向西扩散,因此其长期影响,与其他生物的相互作用以及对纽芬兰龙虾饮食的贡献仍有待观察。300克)能够杀死和食用最大的绿蟹(78毫米CW,100克)。当存在其他食物来源时,青蟹不太可能受到攻击或食用,这表明龙虾在捕食螃蟹,而不是在领土争端中简单地杀死它们。增设庇护所为绿蟹提供了庇护所;但是,只有在这种庇护所结构复杂的情况下,螃蟹才能够避免受伤或被吃掉。绿蟹在纽芬兰岛上缓慢向西扩散,因此其长期影响,与其他生物的相互作用以及对纽芬兰龙虾饮食的贡献仍有待观察。这表明龙虾在捕食螃蟹,而不是在领土争端中简单地杀死它们。增设庇护所为绿蟹提供了庇护所;但是,只有在这种庇护所结构复杂的情况下,螃蟹才能够避免受伤或被吃掉。绿蟹在纽芬兰岛上缓慢向西扩散,因此其长期影响,与其他生物的相互作用以及对纽芬兰龙虾饮食的贡献仍有待观察。这表明龙虾在捕食螃蟹,而不是在领土争端中简单地杀死它们。增设庇护所为绿蟹提供了庇护所;但是,只有在这种庇护所结构复杂的情况下,螃蟹才能够避免受伤或被吃掉。绿蟹在纽芬兰岛上缓慢向西扩散,因此其长期影响,与其他生物的相互作用以及对纽芬兰龙虾饮食的贡献尚待观察。
更新日期:2019-05-17
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