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Development and morphology of ciliary urns in the sea cucumber Synaptula hydriformis (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
Invertebrate Biology ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-18 , DOI: 10.1111/ivb.12264 Michelle D. Curtis 1 , Richard L. Turner 1
Invertebrate Biology ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-18 , DOI: 10.1111/ivb.12264 Michelle D. Curtis 1 , Richard L. Turner 1
Affiliation
Sea cucumbers (holothuroids) lack the only known echinoderm immune organ, the axial organ. Holothuroids of the families Synaptidae and Chiridotidae have coelomic organs, known as ciliary urns, that gather and excrete waste and, therefore, might function in immunity. Although ciliary urns are widely reported and illustrated in the literature, the process and histology of urn development remain unknown. Development and structure of ciliary urns were examined in Synaptula hydriformis using scanning electron, brightfield, and scanning laser confocal microscopy. Mature urns occurred on all three mesenteries in 10‐tentacled young and later growth stages, and developing urns were found in post‐pentactulae, 10‐tentacled young, and released juveniles. Developing urns were circular clusters of ciliated collar cells protruding from the mesentery. The cells increased in number to form the sessile cushion stage with a shallow lumen. The subsequent spoon‐shaped stage had a stalk and a deepened lumen with an extensive ciliary field where coelomocytes began to accumulate. Mature urns had a thin stalk and cornucopia‐shaped body with an abluminal epithelium of squamous cells and an adluminal epithelium of densely packed ciliated collar cells. Cell boundaries of the rim of mature urns and of the stalk and body of developing urns were outlined on one or both sides by microvilli and an elevated cell membrane. Ciliary urns resembling the cushion‐stage urns of S. hydriformis have been described in the sea star Archaster typicus. If urns in these groups are homologous, it is likely that cushion urns are plesiomorphic and that they are present and have been overlooked in other echinoderms.
中文翻译:
海参Synaptula hydriformis(Echinodermata:Holothuroidea)睫状的发育和形态
海参(类固醇)缺乏唯一已知的棘皮动物免疫器官,即轴向器官。Synaptidae和Chiridotidae家族的类固醇具有腔肠器官,称为纤毛,它们聚集并排泄废物,因此可能具有免疫功能。尽管睫状骨are在文献中得到了广泛报道和说明,但骨,发育的过程和组织学仍然未知。突触棘突中睫状的发育和结构使用扫描电子,明场和扫描激光共聚焦显微镜。在三个触角的10个触角的幼年和后期生长期,所有三个肠系膜上都出现了成熟的骨灰developing,在五个触角的触角,10个触角的幼年和被释放的幼虫中都发现了发育中的骨灰ns。发育中的是从肠系膜突出的纤毛状环状细胞的圆形簇。细胞数量增加,形成具有浅腔的无柄坐垫阶段。随后的勺状阶段具有茎和加深的管腔,具有广泛的睫状区,在那里开始积聚白细胞。成熟的骨灰had具有细的茎和聚宝盆形的身体,鳞状细胞的腔上皮和密集的纤毛状衣领细胞的腔上皮。微绒毛和高架的细胞膜在一侧或两侧勾勒出成熟骨灰盒边缘的边缘以及茎部和发育中骨灰盒的身体边界。睫状骨ns类似于垫层骨of在海洋之星Archaster typicus中曾记载了S. hydriformis。如果这些组中的骨灰盒是同源的,则垫骨骨灰盒可能是多形的,并且它们存在于其他棘皮动物中,并已被忽略。
更新日期:2019-09-18
中文翻译:
海参Synaptula hydriformis(Echinodermata:Holothuroidea)睫状的发育和形态
海参(类固醇)缺乏唯一已知的棘皮动物免疫器官,即轴向器官。Synaptidae和Chiridotidae家族的类固醇具有腔肠器官,称为纤毛,它们聚集并排泄废物,因此可能具有免疫功能。尽管睫状骨are在文献中得到了广泛报道和说明,但骨,发育的过程和组织学仍然未知。突触棘突中睫状的发育和结构使用扫描电子,明场和扫描激光共聚焦显微镜。在三个触角的10个触角的幼年和后期生长期,所有三个肠系膜上都出现了成熟的骨灰developing,在五个触角的触角,10个触角的幼年和被释放的幼虫中都发现了发育中的骨灰ns。发育中的是从肠系膜突出的纤毛状环状细胞的圆形簇。细胞数量增加,形成具有浅腔的无柄坐垫阶段。随后的勺状阶段具有茎和加深的管腔,具有广泛的睫状区,在那里开始积聚白细胞。成熟的骨灰had具有细的茎和聚宝盆形的身体,鳞状细胞的腔上皮和密集的纤毛状衣领细胞的腔上皮。微绒毛和高架的细胞膜在一侧或两侧勾勒出成熟骨灰盒边缘的边缘以及茎部和发育中骨灰盒的身体边界。睫状骨ns类似于垫层骨of在海洋之星Archaster typicus中曾记载了S. hydriformis。如果这些组中的骨灰盒是同源的,则垫骨骨灰盒可能是多形的,并且它们存在于其他棘皮动物中,并已被忽略。