Historical ship logbooks provide vital historic meteorological observations in the Southern Ocean, one of the largest climate‐data deficient regions on the Earth. Christian Salvesen Whaling Company logbooks from whaling ships operating in the Southern Ocean, starting from the 1930s through the 1950s, are examined. Meteorological information contained in these logbooks has been extracted to produce a historical climate dataset. We discuss various instructions recommended by the British Admiralty to observe and record weather conditions on‐board whaling ships. Statistical tests were used to flag erroneous values and corrections were made using neighbouring values. Meteorological parameters such as air pressure, air and sea temperature and wind force on the Beaufort scale were standardized, converting imperial to metric units. The data were structured according to the internationally accepted International Maritime Meteorological Archive format, which includes the most commonly reported meteorological variables, including the time, location and ship‐related meta‐data. Hence, a readily accessible, error‐corrected and standardized historical climate dataset of the Weddell Sea sector of the Southern Ocean is presented.

中文翻译：

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来自捕鲸船日志的历史南大洋气候数据集

历史船舶日志在地球上最大的气候资料匮乏地区之一的南大洋中提供了重要的历史气象观测。研究了从1930年代到1950年代在南大洋航行的捕鲸船的Christian Salvesen Whaling Company日志。这些日志中包含的气象信息已被提取以产生历史气候数据集。我们讨论英国海军部推荐的各种指示，以观察和记录捕鲸船上的天气情况。统计测试用于标记错误值，并使用邻近值进行校正。气象参数，例如Beaufort标尺上的气压，空气和海水温度以及风力，已进行了标准化，将英制转换为公制单位。数据是根据国际公认的国际海事气象档案格式进行结构化的，其中包括最常报告的气象变量，包括时间，位置和与船舶有关的元数据。因此，提出了一个易于获取，经过误差校正和标准化的南大洋韦德尔海域历史气候数据集。