Abstract Cross-border innovation cooperation (CBIC) has been heralded as one of the corner stones of innovation-driven growth opportunities for firms located in cross-border regions (CBRs). The success of this cooperation is affected by varying types of proximities identified in the literature as geographical, institutional, cultural, cognitive, technological, organizational and social. Although the topic has been widely discussed, the validation of the concept of proximity vis-à-vis CBIC has been persistently hindered by a lack of readily available empirical metrics. Therefore, this research note attempts to operationalize the varying types of proximity – in relation to CBIC – in the form of a questionnaire tested through pilot studies of two CBRs, at the Finnish–Swedish and Danish–German border, and for two contrasting service industries, namely knowledge-intensive business services and tourism. The findings indicate that the developed survey metrics are effective in depicting the phenomenon of proximity. The foundational work undertaken in this research note provides a platform, and catalyst, for more extensive investigations of the topic.

中文翻译：

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开发用于分析跨境接近度的调查指标

摘要 跨境创新合作（CBIC）被认为是跨境地区（CBR）企业创新驱动增长机会的基石之一。这种合作的成功受到文献中确定的不同类型的邻近性的影响，如地理、制度、文化、认知、技术、组织和社会。尽管该主题已被广泛讨论，但由于缺乏现成的经验指标，对邻近性概念与 CBIC 的验证一直受到阻碍。因此，本研究报告试图以调查问卷的形式，通过对芬兰-瑞典和丹麦-德国边境的两个 CBR 以及两个对比鲜明的服务行业的试点研究来测试不同类型的邻近性——与 CBIC 相关。 , 即知识密集型商业服务和旅游业。研究结果表明，开发的调查指标可有效描述接近现象。本研究报告中开展的基础工作为对该主题进行更广泛的调查提供了一个平台和催化剂。