ABSTRACT The surface scars of the First World War (WWI; 1914–1918) are rapidly disappearing due to modern and fast changing landscapes. Therefore, there is a need to monitor landscape relicts that mark our past. This study examines depressions caused by shelling. These shell holes are still present today and are one of the last remains of the military impact during the 4 years long stalemate on the Western Front. Shell hole landscapes are until now overlooked in landscape research and little attention is given to the causes behind the absence or presence of these shell holes in the present-day micro-topography. This paper aims to identify these causes by using digital interdisciplinary techniques on a landscape scale: Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) giving insights into the presence of the shell holes today, landscape maps indicating the evolution of land use/land cover in the past century and a shell hole density map representing the situation of 1918. Results revealed that the WWI shell hole landscape is still abundantly present today, and where it has disappeared, a direct link was found to land use/land cover transformations and the intensity level of cultivated fields from past to present. To work towards a sustainable management of WWI heritage, these findings are indispensable.

中文翻译：

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基于景观变化研究和激光雷达揭示第一次世界大战贝壳洞景观的保护

摘要由于现代和快速变化的景观，第一次世界大战（第一次世界大战；1914-1918）的表面伤痕正在迅速消失。因此，有必要监测标志着我们过去的景观遗迹。这项研究调查了炮击造成的凹陷。这些炮弹孔今天仍然存在，是西线长达 4 年的僵局期间​​军事影响的最后遗迹之一。迄今为止，贝壳孔景观在景观研究中一直被忽视，并且很少关注当今微地形中这些贝壳孔不存在或存在背后的原因。本文旨在通过在景观尺度上使用数字跨学科技术来确定这些原因：光探测和测距 (LiDAR) 深入了解当今贝壳孔的存在，显示过去一个世纪土地利用/土地覆盖演变的景观图和代表 1918 年情况的贝壳孔密度图。 结果显示，第一次世界大战贝壳孔景观今天仍然大量存在，在它消失的地方，直接联系发现土地利用/土地覆盖变化和耕地从过去到现在的强度水平。为了实现第一次世界大战遗产的可持续管理，这些发现是必不可少的。