The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) was established in 2010 with $500 million in funding provided by British Petroleum over a 10‐year period to support research on the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and recovery. Contributions of the GoMRI program to date focused on human health are presented in more than 32 peer‐reviewed papers published between 2011 and May 2019. Primary findings from review of these papers are (i) the large quantity of dispersants used in the oil cleanup have been associated with human health concerns, including through obesogenicity, toxicity, and illnesses from aerosolization of the agents; (ii) oil contamination has been associated with potential for increases in harmful algal blooms and numbers of pathogenic Vibrio bacteria in oil‐impacted waters; and (iii) members of Gulf communities who are heavily reliant upon natural resources for their livelihoods were found to be vulnerable to high levels of life disruptions and institutional distrust. Positive correlations include a finding that a high level of community attachment was beneficial for recovery. Actions taken to improve disaster response and reduce stress‐associated health effects could lessen negative impacts of similar disasters in the future. Furthermore, GoMRI has supported annual conferences beginning in 2013 at which informative human health‐related presentations have been made. Based on this review, it is recommended that the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 be updated to include enhanced funding for oil spill impacts to human health.

中文翻译：

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漏油与人类健康：墨西哥湾研究计划的贡献

墨西哥湾研究计划署（GoMRI）成立于2010年，由英国石油公司在10年内提供5亿美元的资金，用于支持有关“深水地平线”石油泄漏和采收影响的研究。在2011年至2019年5月之间发表的32篇以上同行评审论文中介绍了迄今为止针对人类健康的GoMRI计划的贡献。这些论文的综述主要发现是（i）清理油中使用了大量的分散剂与人类健康有关，包括致肥胖性，毒性和药物雾化引起的疾病；（ii）油污染与有害藻华增加和致病性弧菌数量增加有关受油影响的水中的细菌；（iii）发现严重依赖自然资源谋生的海湾社区成员容易遭受高度的生活破坏和机构不信任。正相关包括发现较高的社区依恋度对恢复有益。为改善灾难响应并减少与压力相关的健康影响而采取的措施，将来可以减轻类似灾难的负面影响。此外，GoMRI支持了从2013年开始的年度会议，在该会议上进行了有益的人类健康相关演示。基于此审查，建议更新1990年的《油污染法》，以增加对溢油对人体健康的影响的资金。