Academic scientists are increasingly required to acquire industry funding, which affects the scope and purpose of their research. In Denmark, Mode 2 inflected ideas have turned universities’ research toward industrial application where the fabrication of ‘robust knowledge’ is tied to commercial innovation. By analyzing the representative modeling of theoretical physicists that aided the implementation of new control solutions, this paper investigates how Mode 2 challenged traditional disciplinary boundaries between engineering and physics. The paper thus presents a case of non-engineers’ move toward ‘engineering’ from outside the disciplinary boundary of engineering. The physicists’ preference for theoretical rigor resulted in models that despite not being validated with production data were useful to the factory. Questions are raised about the challenges that the physicists’ normative baggage entailed when they engaged in commercial application. The case signifies how Mode 2 inspired neoliberal science policy constitutes a new competitive market for the application of science and illuminate how theoretical physics was translated into a service for commercial innovation. In the process, physics, the identities of the physicists, the factory and its process control converged around shared success criteria and thus formed a new domain of work that I conceptualize as innovation science. The case demonstrates some of the demarcation challenges associated with the political reframing of science and the work it takes for science and non-science to develop beneficiary relationships, which translate into new challenges and potential applications for engineering.

越来越多地要求学术科学家获得行业资助，这影响了他们的研究范围和目的。在丹麦，模式2的变化使大学的研究转向了工业应用，其中“稳健知识”的制造与商业创新息息相关。通过分析有助于实现新控制解决方案的理论物理学家的代表性建模，本文研究了模式2如何挑战工程与物理学之间的传统学科界限。因此，本文提出了一个非工程师从工程学学科界外转向“工程学”的案例。物理学家对理论严格性的偏爱导致尽管没有经过生产数据验证的模型仍对工厂有用。提出了关于物理学家规范行李在从事商业应用时所面临的挑战的问题。该案例表明，模式2激发了新自由科学政策的形成，构成了科学应用的新竞争市场，并阐明了如何将理论物理学转化为商业创新服务。在这个过程中，物理学，物理学家的身份，工厂及其过程控制围绕着共同的成功标准融合在一起，从而形成了一个新的工作领域，我将其概念化为 该案例表明，模式2激发了新自由科学政策的形成，构成了科学应用的新竞争市场，并阐明了如何将理论物理学转化为商业创新服务。在这个过程中，物理学，物理学家的身份，工厂及其过程控制围绕着共同的成功标准融合在一起，从而形成了一个新的工作领域，我将其概念化为 该案例表明，模式2激发了新自由科学政策的形成，构成了科学应用的新竞争市场，并阐明了如何将理论物理学转化为商业创新服务。在这个过程中，物理学，物理学家的身份，工厂及其过程控制围绕着共同的成功标准融合在一起，从而形成了一个新的工作领域，我将其概念化为创新科学。该案例说明了与科学的政治改组相关的一些分界挑战，以及科学和非科学发展受益者关系所需要进行的工作，这些挑战转化为新的挑战和工程学的潜在应用。