Due to its lower water requirement, methane emission and soil degradation, a maize–wheat rotation (MWR) may be a more attractive alternative to rice–wheat rotation (RWR), in the upper Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) of India. However, N₂O emission from MWR needs to be quantified to propose management practices for N₂O mitigation. A field experiment was conducted at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, to assess the impacts of various N sources on N₂O emission and its mitigation from the MWR. Six treatments –N0 (control), urea, urea + farmyard manure (FYM), FYM, urea + nitrification inhibitor (NI) and neem oil coated urea (NOCU) were investigated during 2012–2014. Results show ranges of N₂O-N emissions from MWR of 0.59–0.69, 1.82–1.86, 1.81–1.85, 1.71–1.77, 1.38–1.52, 1.57–1.61 during 2012–2013, and of 0.62–0.68, 1.86–1.90, 1.78–1.84, 1.72–1.76, 1.40–1.46, 1.52–1.60 during 2013–2014, for N0, urea, urea + FYM, FYM, urea + NI and NOCU treatments, respectively. The 2-year pooled N₂O-N emission of MWR decreased by 23% in urea + NI and by 16% in NOCU with higher grain yield as compared to conventional urea application. Application of FYM with urea and FYM alone also reduced N₂O-N emission; however, the grain yields of these treatments were decreased. Thus, the study suggests that the application of NOCU and NI with urea can mitigate N₂O-N emissions from the maize and wheat crops. Hence, the use of NOCU and application of NI with urea could be a better option to mitigate N₂O-N emissions from MWR of the upper IGP of India.

由于其较低的需水量，甲烷排放量和土壤退化，在印度-印度恒河上游平原（IGP），玉米-小麦轮作（MWR）可能是水稻-小麦轮作（RWR）更有吸引力的选择。然而，需要量化MWR的N ₂ O排放量，以提出缓解N ₂ O的管理措施。在新德里的印度农业研究理事会-印度农业研究所（ICAR-IARI）进行了田间试验，以评估各种N源对N ₂ O排放的影响以及MWR对N ₂ O的缓解作用。在2012-2014年期间，对六种处理方法进行了调查：N0（对照），尿素，尿素+农田肥料（FYM），FYM，尿素+硝化抑制剂（NI）和印urea油包膜尿素（NOCU）。结果显示N的范围2012年至2013年期间，MWR的₂ ON排放量分别为0.59–0.69、1.82–1.86、1.81–1.85、1.71–1.77、1.38–1.52、1.57–1.61，以及0.62–0.68、1.86–1.90、1.78–1.84、1.72-在2013-2014年期间，分别对N0，尿素，尿素+ FYM，FYM，尿素+ NI和NOCU处理分别为1.76、1.40-1.46、1.52-1.60。与常规尿素施用相比，尿素+ NI的2年MWR合并N ₂ O-N排放量减少了23％，在NOCU中减少了16％，且谷物产量更高。将FYM与尿素一起使用和单独使用FYM还可以减少N ₂ O-N的排放。然而，这些处理的谷物产量下降。因此，该研究表明将NOCU和NI与尿素一起使用可以减轻N ₂玉米和小麦作物的排放量。因此，使用NOCU和将NI与尿素一起使用可能是减轻印度IGP上游MWR排放N ₂ O-N排放的更好选择。