At the biochemical level, the plant peroxisome, which is a subcellular compartment surrounded by a single membrane, basically contains the antioxidant enzyme catalase and at least one H₂O₂-producing flavin oxidase. Over the last 25 years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of basic processes such as β-oxidation, the glyoxylate cycle, and photorespiration. Novel experimental approaches have also enabled the discovery and identification of novel components of peroxisomes in different plant tissues, which has demonstrated potential new functions for these multipurpose organelles. Some of these enzymatic components, such as antioxidant systems like catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, appear to be common to all tissue types, while others appear to be tissue-specific, i.e. glyoxylate cycle enzymes in oil-rich seedlings. This mini-review will provide a general overview of this fascinating plant organelle, in which hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and the free radical nitric oxide (NO) are key molecules capable of regulating their own peroxisomal metabolism. Recent new experimental data show that virus proteins are imported into peroxisomes and also point to the presence of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), which could represent a novel regulatory mechanism.

在生化水平上，植物过氧化物酶体是被单个膜包围的亚细胞区，基本上含有抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶和至少一种H ₂ O _2。黄素氧化酶。在过去的25年中，我们对诸如β氧化，乙醛酸循环和光呼吸等基本过程的理解取得了长足的进步。新颖的实验方法还使得能够在不同植物组织中发现和鉴定过氧化物酶体的新颖成分，从而证明了这些多功能细胞器的潜在新功能。这些酶成分中的一些，例如过氧化氢酶，抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶等抗氧化剂系统，似乎对所有组织类型都是共有的，而其他一些则似乎是组织特异性的，即富含油的幼苗中的乙醛酸循环酶。这篇迷你文章将概述这种迷人的植物细胞器，其中过氧化氢（H ₂ O ₂）和自由基一氧化氮（NO）是能够调节自身过氧化物酶体代谢的关键分子。最近的新实验数据表明，病毒蛋白被导入到过氧化物酶体中，并且还指出了气体递质硫化氢（H ₂ S）的存在，这可能代表了一种新的调节机制。