ABSTRACT Growing trees on farmland continues to be a promising land-use option for smallholders in Indonesia as they look to diversify their enterprises beyond the main agricultural sector. While most smallholders integrate trees into their farming systems, selling timber and other tree products has usually been infrequent and opportunistic. Because of this infrequent trade, most smallholders rarely adopt silvicultural practices that would increase the commercial value of their trees. A research project trialled an alternative approach to forestry extension in Indonesia, known as the Master TreeGrower (MTG) training course. The MTG training courses used a farmer-centred approach to teach smallholders about forest science and took participants to market hubs so they could better understand how different forest products were valued by traders. The MTG training approach was trialled in 2014 in five districts in Indonesia and involved 118 smallholders and 27 non-farmers as course participants. This article reports on a recent evaluation of the MTG training courses held about three years earlier to explore the enduring impacts of the training approach and whether it can be scaled-out to other areas of Indonesia. The evaluation data were collected via focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews, household surveys and observations at three project sites: Pati (Central Java), Gunungkidul (Yogyakarta) and Bulukumba (South Sulawesi). A questionnaire was distributed among the participants of the FGDs to assess the extent different knowledge and skills of tree management that had been adopted by them following the MTG courses. The evaluation of the MTG approach revealed that the courses were effective in increasing smallholders’ knowledge of commercial forestry and their silvicultural skills. Many participants were more active with silviculture and planned to invest further in commercial forestry following the MTG training. In effect, the MTG training appeared to change the hearts and minds of the farmers about how commercial forestry could enhance their livelihoods.

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提高小农的知识和技能，以采用以市场为导向的树木管理实践：印度尼西亚 TreeGrower 大师培训课程的经验教训

摘要 在农田上种植树木仍然是印度尼西亚小农的一种有前途的土地利用选择，因为他们希望在主要农业部门之外实现企业多元化。虽然大多数小农将树木纳入他们的耕作系统，但销售木材和其他树木产品通常很少见，而且是投机取巧。由于这种不频繁的贸易，大多数小农很少采用能够增加其树木商业价值的造林做法。一个研究项目在印度尼西亚试用了另一种林业扩展方法，称为“树人大师 (MTG)”培训课程。MTG 培训课程采用以农民为中心的方法，向小农教授森林科学知识，并将参与者带到市场中心，以便他们更好地了解贸易商如何评价不同的林产品。MTG 培训方法于 2014 年在印度尼西亚的五个地区进行了试点，课程参与者有 118 名小农和 27 名非农民。本文报告了最近对大约三年前举办的 MTG 培训课程的评估，以探讨培训方法的持久影响以及它是否可以扩展到印度尼西亚的其他地区。评估数据是通过焦点小组讨论 (FGD)、深入访谈、住户调查和观察在三个项目地点收集的：Pati（中爪哇）、Gunungkidul（日惹）和 Bulukumba（南苏拉威西）。在 FGD 的参与者之间分发了一份问卷，以评估他们在 MTG 课程之后所采用的树木管理知识和技能的不同程度。对 MTG 方法的评估表明，这些课程在增加小农对商品林业及其造林技能的知识方面是有效的。许多参与者更积极地从事造林活动，并计划在 MTG 培训后进一步投资于商品林业。实际上，MTG 培训似乎改变了农民关于商业林业如何改善其生计的观念。