ABSTRACT More than 3 000 000 ha of tropical acacias have been established in recent decades, mostly grown on short rotations of 4–7 years, by a range of growers, from smallholders in Vietnam with less than 5 ha to large industrial growers in Sumatra managing hundreds of thousands of hectares. While the acacia estate is declining in some areas due to disease susceptibility, it is still expanding in other areas, and acacias would probably be the preferred species in many areas if the disease issues can be overcome. To date, many of the silvicultural management practices have largely been based on operational trial and error rather than backed by scientific evidence. To ensure sustained production, a deeper understanding of the mechanism for the response of acacias to management and environment is required. The objective of this paper is to review recent advances in our knowledge of the nutrient, water and organic matter dynamics of acacia plantations on mineral soils in Southeast Asia. We show that water availability is a key factor influencing productivity in many locations, but also that there are options for new approaches to management, including regional and site selection (or choice to plant or not on any given plot of land), and an understanding of nutritional requirements will help managers to adopt best practices in their plantations. While many plantations show significant responses to nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P, e.g. up to 200% stem volume increase at age one year); initial large responses to P fertiliser are reported to diminish over time, such that the response tends to be non-significant at many sites by harvest age. Only small quantities are recommended at establishment (equivalent to around 10 kg P ha−1) to maximise productivity. Large quantities of site nutrient pools are held in harvesting debris or slash. Slash should be considered a valuable resource for sustaining productivity into the future, and its role in relation to fertiliser application needs further study.

中文翻译：

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东南亚矿质土壤上热带金合欢养分、水和有机质动态的综述以改善管理

摘要 近几十年来，热带金合欢种植面积超过 3 000 000 公顷，大部分种植者在 4-7 年的短期轮作中种植，从越南不到 5 公顷的小农到苏门答腊的大型工业种植者管理数十万公顷。虽然由于疾病易感性，一些地区的金合欢种植面积正在下降，但在其他地区仍在扩大，如果能够克服疾病问题，金合欢可能会成为许多地区的首选物种。迄今为止，许多造林管理实践主要基于操作试验和错误，而不是由科学证据支持。为了确保持续生产，需要更深入地了解金合欢对管理和环境的反应机制。本文的目的是回顾我们对东南亚矿质土壤上金合欢种植园的养分、水和有机物质动态知识的最新进展。我们表明，在许多地方，水资源可用性是影响生产力的关键因素，但也有新的管理方法可供选择，包括区域和地点选择（或选择在任何给定的土地上种植或不种植），以及理解营养需求将帮助管理人员在他们的种植园中采用最佳实践。虽然许多种植园对养分表现出显着的反应，尤其是磷（磷，例如一年时茎的体积增加高达 200%）；据报道，对磷肥的初始大反应会随着时间的推移而减弱，因此在许多地点到收获年龄，这种反应往往不显着。在建立时只推荐少量（相当于大约 10 kg P ha-1）以最大限度地提高生产力。大量的场地养分池被收割的碎片或斜线所容纳。斜线应被视为未来维持生产力的宝贵资源，其在施肥中的作用需要进一步研究。