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Economic value of quality restrictions on the wheat industry in South Africa
Agrekon ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-02 , DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2018.1553721
Zwiafhela Naledzani 1, 2 , Petronella Chaminuka 2 , Kenneth Nhundu 2 , Charles L. Machethe 1 , Frikkie Liebenberg 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT Wheat is South Africa’s second most important grain crop and is produced in winter rainfall, summer rainfall, and irrigation regions. Despite being a net importer of wheat, the country has stringent wheat quality requirements as per the Agricultural Products Act (Act No. 119 of 1990). This paper investigates the effects of the quality requirements in different regions and the wheat industry as whole. Forward regression and benefit–cost analysis were applied to data on wheat area planted, seed adoption rates, prices, and cultivar performance from 1999 to 2016. A total of 31 527 observations from winter, summer and irrigation regions were used, each accounting for 4563, 8824 and 18 140 cases respectively. Forty-nine cultivars were used for trials during this period. Results show that stringent quality requirements have resulted in losses of approximately 39 000 tons from 1999 to 2016. The benefits of pursuing the prevailing quality standards amounted to R400 million while the costs amounted to R514 million, far exceeding the benefits. The resulting benefit–cost ratio was 0.78, implying that for every rand invested in breeding for quality alone, 22 cents is lost. It can be concluded that government intervention through quality standards has led to more losses than gains. In addition, investments made towards quality improvement alone have not been recovered due to the high standards. There are therefore cogent reasons to consider relaxing the quality standards to allow for higher wheat outputs, thus unlocking growth in local wheat production.

中文翻译:

南非小麦产业质量限制的经济价值

摘要 小麦是南非第二大粮食作物,产于冬季降雨、夏季降雨和灌溉地区。尽管是小麦的净进口国,但根据《农产品法》(1990 年第 119 号法),该国对小麦质量提出了严格的要求。本文研究了不同地区和整个小麦行业的质量要求的影响。对 1999 年至 2016 年小麦播种面积、种子采用率、价格和品种性能数据应用前向回归和收益成本分析。使用了来自冬季、夏季和灌区的 31 527 个观测值,每个占 4563 个。 、8824 例和 18140 例。在此期间使用了 49 个品种进行试验。结果显示,严格的质量要求导致 1999 年至 2016 年损失约 39 000 吨。追求现行质量标准的收益达 4 亿兰特,而成本达 5.14 亿兰特,远远超过收益。由此产生的收益成本比为 0.78,这意味着每投资兰特以提高质量,就会损失 22 美分。可以得出结论,政府通过质量标准进行干预导致的损失大于收益。此外,由于高标准,仅用于质量改进的投资尚未收回。因此,有充分的理由考虑放宽质量标准以提高小麦产量,从而促进当地小麦产量的增长。追求现行质量标准的收益达 4 亿兰特,而成本达 5.14 亿兰特,远远超过收益。由此产生的收益成本比为 0.78,这意味着每投资兰特以提高质量,就会损失 22 美分。可以得出结论,政府通过质量标准进行干预导致的损失大于收益。此外,由于高标准,仅用于质量改进的投资尚未收回。因此,有充分的理由考虑放宽质量标准以提高小麦产量,从而促进当地小麦产量的增长。追求现行质量标准的收益达 4 亿兰特,而成本达 5.14 亿兰特,远远超过收益。由此产生的收益成本比为 0.78,这意味着每投资兰特以提高质量,就会损失 22 美分。可以得出结论,政府通过质量标准进行干预导致的损失大于收益。此外,由于高标准,仅用于质量改进的投资尚未收回。因此,有充分的理由考虑放宽质量标准以提高小麦产量,从而促进当地小麦产量的增长。这意味着每投资兰特以提高质量,就会损失 22 美分。可以得出结论,政府通过质量标准进行干预导致的损失大于收益。此外,由于高标准,仅用于质量改进的投资尚未收回。因此,有充分的理由考虑放宽质量标准以提高小麦产量,从而促进当地小麦产量的增长。这意味着每投资兰特以提高质量,就会损失 22 美分。可以得出结论,政府通过质量标准进行干预导致的损失大于收益。此外,由于高标准,仅用于质量改进的投资尚未收回。因此,有充分的理由考虑放宽质量标准以提高小麦产量,从而促进当地小麦产量的增长。
更新日期:2019-01-02
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