A collection of 167 Thai and exotic rice accessions was subjected for evaluation of genetic diversity and assessment of relationship by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Among a total of 49 SSR markers, 13 markers distributing over 12 rice chromosomes showed clear polymorphic band patterns, and they were selected for genetic assessment. A total of 110 alleles were detected with an average of 8.46 alleles per locus. The averages of gene diversity, heterozygosity and polymorphic information content were 0.59, 0.02 and 0.56, respectively. The unweighted-pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) clustering analysis was performed for genetic distance, and phylogenetic tree was constructed. The result showed that this rice collection was divided into two major groups, classified as japonica and indica subspecies. Within the japonica group, temperate japonica and tropical japonica subgroups can be clearly separated. Three-dimensional principal component analysis projection and model-based population structure analysis showed consistent clustering results with two major groups of UPGMA analysis, supporting the classification of japonica and indica subspecies. The indica allelic frequency was also investigated to provide an indicative guide for breeders to overcome the practical problems on sterility of inter-subspecies hybrid offspring. This rice collection and information obtained in this study will be useful for rice breeding programs.

收集了167种泰国和外来稻种的收集物，以通过简单序列重复（SSR）标记评估遗传多样性和关系。在总共49个SSR标记中，分布在12个水稻染色体上的13个标记显示出清晰的多态带模式，并选择了它们进行遗传评估。总共检测到110个等位基因，每个基因座平均8.46个等位基因。基因多样性，杂合性和多态信息含量的平均值分别为0.59、0.02和0.56。对遗传距离进行了算术平均的非加权对群法（UPGMA）聚类分析，并构建了系统进化树。结果表明，该水稻品种分为两大类，分别为粳稻和粳稻。d亚种。在粳稻组内，温带 粳稻和热带 粳稻亚组可以清楚地区分。三维主成分分析投影和基于模型的种群结构分析显示出与两个主要的UPGMA分析组一致的聚类结果，支持了粳稻和in稻亚种的分类。的籼稻等位基因频率也研究，以提供一个指示指南育种者以克服间亚种杂交后代的无菌性的实际问题。这项研究的水稻收集和信息将对水稻育种计划有用。