The rapid consumption of fossil fuel and increased environmental damage caused by it have given a strong impetus to the growth and development of fuel-efficient vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have evolved from their inchoate state and are proving to be a promising solution to the serious existential problem posed to the planet earth. Not only do HEVs provide better fuel economy and lower emissions satisfying environmental legislations, but also they dampen the effect of rising fuel prices on consumers. HEVs combine the drive powers of an internal combustion engine and an electrical machine. The main components of HEVs are energy storage system, motor, bidirectional converter and maximum power point trackers (MPPT, in case of solar-powered HEVs). The performance of HEVs greatly depends on these components and its architecture. This paper presents an extensive review on essential components used in HEVs such as their architectures with advantages and disadvantages, choice of bidirectional converter to obtain high efficiency, combining ultracapacitor with battery to extend the battery life, traction motors’ role and their suitability for a particular application. Inclusion of photovoltaic cell in HEVs is a fairly new concept and has been discussed in detail. Various MPPT techniques used for solar-driven HEVs are also discussed in this paper with their suitability.

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混合动力电动汽车的全面回顾：体系结构和组件

化石燃料的快速消费以及由此造成的环境破坏加剧，极大地推动了节油汽车的发展。混合动力电动汽车（HEV）已从其早期状态发展而来，并被证明是解决地球所面临的严重存在问题的有前途的解决方案。混合动力汽车不仅可以提供更好的燃油经济性和更低的排放，满足环境法规的要求，而且还可以抑制燃油价格上涨对消费者的影响。混合动力汽车结合了内燃机和电机的驱动力。混合动力汽车的主要组件是储能系统，电机，双向转换器和最大功率点跟踪器（在太阳能混合动力汽车的情况下为MPPT）。混合动力汽车的性能在很大程度上取决于这些组件及其架构。本文对混合动力电动汽车中使用的基本组件进行了广泛的综述，例如其架构的优缺点，选择双向转换器以获得高效率，将超级电容器与电池结合使用以延长电池寿命，牵引电机的作用以及它们对特定设备的适用性。应用。在混合动力汽车中包括光伏电池是一个相当新的概念，并且已经进行了详细讨论。本文还讨论了适用于太阳能驱动的混合动力汽车的各种MPPT技术。牵引电机的作用及其在特定应用中的适用性。在混合动力汽车中包括光伏电池是一个相当新的概念，并且已经进行了详细讨论。本文还讨论了适用于太阳能驱动的混合动力汽车的各种MPPT技术。牵引电机的作用及其在特定应用中的适用性。在混合动力汽车中包括光伏电池是一个相当新的概念，并且已经进行了详细讨论。本文还讨论了适用于太阳能驱动的混合动力汽车的各种MPPT技术。