Membrane transport processes are indispensable for many aspects of plant physiology including mineral nutrition, solute storage, cell metabolism, cell signaling, osmoregulation, cell growth, and stress responses. Completion of genome sequencing in diverse plant species and the development of multiple genomic tools have marked a new era in understanding plant membrane transport at the mechanistic level. Genes coding for a galaxy of pumps, channels, and carriers that facilitate various membrane transport processes have been identified while multiple approaches are developed to dissect the physiological roles as well as to define the transport capacities of these transport systems. Furthermore, signaling networks dictating the membrane transport processes are established to fully understand the regulatory mechanisms. Here, we review recent research progress in the discovery and characterization of the components in plant membrane transport that take advantage of plant genomic resources and other experimental tools. We also provide our perspectives for future studies in the field.

膜转运过程对于植物生理学的许多方面都是必不可少的，包括矿物质营养、溶质储存、细胞代谢、细胞信号传导、渗透调节、细胞生长和应激反应。不同植物物种基因组测序的完成和多种基因组工具的开发标志着在机械水平上理解植物膜转运的新时代。已经确定了编码促进各种膜运输过程的一系列泵、通道和载体的基因，同时开发了多种方法来剖析生理作用以及定义这些运输系统的运输能力。此外，建立支配膜转运过程的信号网络以充分了解调节机制。这里，我们回顾了利用植物基因组资源和其他实验工具发现和表征植物膜转运成分的最新研究进展。我们还为该领域的未来研究提供了我们的观点。