Changes in Earth's climatic conditions may affect the geographic distributions of species causing variations in diversity patterns through space and time. Projections of species distributions over time can measure how future climate scenarios will affect communities. We investigated how climate changes scenarios will influence primate biodiversity patterns in the Atlantic Forest. Specifically: (i) where are the largest changes in species richness expected? (ii) the spatial pattern of beta diversity will undergo homogenisation or heterogenisation? and (iii) where will occur the major changes in temporal beta diversity? We generated current and future species distribution models for Brazilian Atlantic Forest primates. We analysed the changes in the spatio-temporal patterns of alpha and beta diversity. Current high richness patterns will be maintained in future scenarios, with richer areas concentrated in the coastal zones. Regions closer to Cerrado will face a reduction in primate richness. Changes in richness will occur predominantly due to species loss. Communities will be more spatially heterogeneous in the future, with increased beta diversity. The heterogenisation may be driven by the reduction of species geographic distributions. The highest temporal changes will occur mainly in the midwest and the central region of the biome. Climate changes will cause primates diversity changes in both space and time. These changes will not be homogeneous through the Atlantic Forest. Our study is informative at a large spatial scale, providing an outlook on the impact of climate change on primate diversity, and indicating places of primates’ biodiversity maintenance, loss or gain due to climate change.

地球气候条件的变化可能会影响物种的地理分布，从而导致多样性格局随时间和空间变化。随时间推移对物种分布的预测可以衡量未来的气候情景将如何影响社区。我们调查了气候变化情景将如何影响大西洋森林中的灵长类动物生物多样性模式。具体来说：（i）预计物种丰富度的最大变化在哪里？（ii）β多样性的空间格局将经历均质化还是异质化？（iii）时间β多样性的主要变化将在哪里发生？我们为巴西大西洋森林灵长类动物生成了当前和将来的物种分布模型。我们分析了阿尔法和贝塔多样性的时空模式的变化。在未来的情况下，将维持目前的高富裕格局，富裕地区将集中在沿海地区。靠近塞拉多的地区将面临灵长类动物丰富度下降的问题。丰富度的变化将主要由于物种流失而发生。将来，随着β多样性的增加，社区将在空间上变得更加异构。物种分布的减少可能会推动异质化。最高的时间变化将主要发生在生物群落的中西部和中部地区。气候变化将导致灵长类动物的时空多样性发生变化。在大西洋森林中，这些变化不会是同质的。我们的研究在较大的空间范围内提供了有益的信息，提供了关于气候变化对灵长类动物多样性的影响的展望，