Abstract Plant litter decomposition depends on the nutrient content and the amount of recalcitrant materials such as lignin and phenolic compounds. These traits are inherent to the plant species providing the litter. In agro-ecosystems, the type of land management may also shape litter traits and then influence the litter decomposition process. However, the effects of management practice/intensity on litter traits have not been addressed in previous studies, particularly in Mediterranean systems. Our aim was to test the effect of management practices on litter traits associated to nutritional quality and recalcitrance and the resulting effects on fungal biomass, Collembola communities and decomposition parameters in cork-oak agro-forest systems. A litterbag experiment was conducted using litter of dominant plant species, Quercus suber L. and Agrostis pouretii L., collected in an organic agro-forest system and in its neighbor conventional farm. We also tested the effects of litter mixtures using these two contrasting litter types, and the subsequent effects on Collembola communities and decomposition parameters. Land management influenced initial litter traits, mostly in terms of phenolics concentration, higher on the conventional site, and P concentrations, that were higher on the organic farm. After the decomposition experiment, fungal biomass was significantly higher on Quercus litters from the conventional management, while %P and %phenolics were significantly higher in litters from organic compared to conventional management. Collembola richness was significantly higher in Quercus treatments and in litter mixtures compared to single Agrostis litters. These recorded more epigeous species and collembolans with bigger body size, which apparently found more suitable habitat or resource availability in mixtures than in single Agrostis litters. Mixed litters also favored higher fungal biomass, and P and phenolics concentrations, in relation to single litters. Yet, land management and litter mixtures did not explain litter mass loss. Decay rates were higher in Agrostis than in Quercus litter, due to the differences in the initial litter traits (lignin, phenolics and P contents). Particularly, litter mass loss was positively related to P concentration and negatively associated to the concentration of phenolics.

中文翻译：

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管理对地中海农林系统中植物凋落物性状的影响以及凋落物质量损失和弹尾目功能多样性的后果

摘要 植物凋落物的分解取决于养分含量和木质素和酚类化合物等顽固物质的含量。这些特性是提供凋落物的植物物种所固有的。在农业生态系统中，土地管理的类型也可能塑造凋落物特征，进而影响凋落物分解过程。然而，管理实践/强度对垫料性状的影响在以前的研究中没有得到解决，特别是在地中海系统中。我们的目标是测试管理实践对与营养质量和顽固性相关的凋落物特征的影响，以及由此对软木-橡木农林系统中真菌生物量、弹尾虫群落和分解参数的影响。使用优势植物物种 Quercus suber L 的凋落物进行垃圾袋实验。和 Agrostis Pouretii L.，收集在有机农林系统及其相邻的常规农场中。我们还使用这两种对比的垃圾类型测试了垃圾混合物的影响，以及随后对跳虫群落和分解参数的影响。土地管理影响了最初的凋落物特性，主要是酚类物质浓度在常规场地较高，而磷浓度在有机农场较高。分解实验后，与传统管理相比，传统管理的栎类凋落物的真菌生物量显着更高，而有机凋落物的 %P 和 % 酚类物质显着更高。与单个 Agrostis 垫料相比，Quercus 处理和垫料混合物中弹尾虫的丰富度显着更高。这些记录了更多体型较大的表生物种和弹尾虫，这显然在混合物中比在单个 Agrostis 窝中发现了更合适的栖息地或资源可用性。与单窝相比，混窝也有利于更高的真菌生物量、磷和酚类浓度。然而，土地管理和垃圾混合并不能解释垃圾质量损失。由于初始凋落物性状（木质素、酚类物质和 P 含量）的差异，Agrostis 的腐烂率高于 Quercus 凋落物。特别是，凋落物质量损失与 P 浓度呈正相关，与酚类物质浓度呈负相关。与单窝相比，混窝也有利于更高的真菌生物量、磷和酚类浓度。然而，土地管理和垃圾混合并不能解释垃圾质量损失。由于初始凋落物性状（木质素、酚类物质和 P 含量）的差异，Agrostis 的腐烂率高于 Quercus 凋落物。特别是，凋落物质量损失与 P 浓度呈正相关，与酚类物质浓度呈负相关。与单窝相比，混窝也有利于更高的真菌生物量、磷和酚类浓度。然而，土地管理和垃圾混合并不能解释垃圾质量损失。由于初始凋落物性状（木质素、酚类物质和 P 含量）的差异，Agrostis 的腐烂率高于 Quercus 凋落物。特别是，凋落物质量损失与 P 浓度呈正相关，与酚类物质浓度呈负相关。