We present a review of elemental abundances in the Milky Way stellar disk, bulge, and halo with a focus on data derived from high-resolution stellar spectra. These data are fundamental in disentangling the formation history and subsequent evolution of the Milky Way. Information from such data is still limited and confined to narrowly defined stellar samples. The astrometric Gala satellite will soon be launched by the European Space Agency. Its final data set will revolutionize information on the motions of a billion stars in the Milky Way. This will be complemented by several ground-based observational campaigns, in particular spectroscopic follow-up to study elemental abundances in the stars in detail. Our review shows the very rich and intriguing picture built from rather small and local samples. The Gaia data deserve to be complemented by data of the same high quality that have been collected for the solar neighborhood. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (Less)

中文翻译：

---

银河系星盘、凸起和晕中的元素丰度

我们回顾了银河系星盘、凸起和光晕中的元素丰度，重点介绍了来自高分辨率恒星光谱的数据。这些数据对于解开银河系的形成历史和随后的演化至关重要。来自此类数据的信息仍然有限，仅限于狭义的恒星样本。欧洲航天局将很快发射天体测量 Gala 卫星。它的最终数据集将彻底改变有关银河系中 10 亿颗恒星运动的信息。这将辅以几项基于地面的观测活动，特别是光谱后续行动，以详细研究恒星中的元素丰度。我们的评论显示了由相当小的本地样本构建的非常丰富和有趣的图片。Gaia 数据应该得到为太阳能社区收集的相同高质量数据的补充。(C) 2013 Elsevier BV 版权所有。（较少的）