In-vivo wireless nano-sensor networks have been proven to be a promising technology that will enable a variety of applications ranging from health monitoring and diagnosis to drug delivery systems. Miniaturization of the components of nano-devices enforced the electromagnetic communication among nano-devices to be in the THz band. Unfortunately, in-vivo medium contains bio-materials and fluids, e.g., blood, that contaminate the THz signal, which highlighted the urgency behind investigating the blood’s spreading and absorption spectrum in the THz band. In this paper, we present an electromagnetic model for blood with the flexibility of specifying the volume fraction and the particle shape of its Red Blood Cells (RBCs) by using Effective Medium Theory (EMT), we investigate the effect of the volume fraction of its RBCs (also known as hematocrit) on its characteristics and on the amount of contamination that the wireless signal will suffer while being transmitted. In particular, we analyze the blood as a medium for wireless signals in the THz band under different bandwidths and parameters including, path loss, molecular noise, SNR and information rate. The main findings of this paper concludes that as the RBCs concentration increase, the path loss and molecular noise decrease. The signal in blood with different RBCs concentrations ranging from 20% to 60% will experience the same noise and path loss in the band 0.1–0.6 THz. Most notably, we found out that the optimum frequency range of operation where the concentration of RBCs will not introduce any peculiarities is the frequency range 0.1–0.6 THz, which could be used as a unified range for forthcoming THz communications in blood with any RBCs concentrations ranging from 20% to 60%. We finally conclude that the particle shape of the RBCs has no effect on the blood as a THz medium for wireless communications.

体内无线纳米传感器网络已被证明是一种有前途的技术，它将实现从健康监测和诊断到药物输送系统的各种应用。纳米器件组件的小型化迫使纳米器件之间的电磁通信处于THz频段。不幸的是，体内培养基中含有污染THz信号的生物材料和液体，例如血液，这突出了研究血液在THz波段的扩散和吸收光谱的紧迫性。在本文中，我们提出了一种血液电磁模型，该模型可以使用有效介质理论（EMT）灵活地指定其红细胞（RBC）的体积分数和颗粒形状，我们研究了其RBC（也称为血细胞比容）的体积分数对其特性以及无线信号在传输过程中遭受的污染量的影响。特别是，我们分析了血液作为THz频段中不同带宽和参数（包括路径损耗，分子噪声，SNR和信息速率）下无线信号的媒介。本文的主要发现得出结论，随着RBC浓度的增加，路径损耗和分子噪声减小。在RBC浓度范围从20％到60％范围内的血液中，信号在0.1-0.6 THz频段会经历相同的噪声和路径损耗。最值得注意的是，我们发现，RBC浓度不会带来任何特性的最佳工作频率范围是0.1–0.6 THz，可以用作即将进行的血液中THz通信的统一范围，任何RBC浓度在20％至60％之间。我们最终得出结论，作为无线通信的THz介质，RBC的颗粒形状对血液没有影响。