Abstract About 87 % of the anuran species that occur in Brazil possess a larval stage, i.e., tadpoles. Throughout this stage of development, tadpoles are subject to predation and the conditions of their aquatic habitat, including environmental heterogeneity, physical and chemical properties of the water, and hydroperiod of the water body. We assessed the patterns of species composition and richness of tadpoles in permanent and temporary ponds, with the objective of evaluating how morphometric, physical and chemical factors of the ponds and environmental heterogeneity (surrounding vegetation and substrate cover and aquatic vegetation) affect anuran occupation of these environments. The study was performed in five permanent and four temporary ponds. Tadpoles of 20 anuran species differed in species composition between permanent and temporary environments. Environmental factors were significant drivers for tadpole richness: turbidity and dissolved oxygen were significantly related to richness in permanent ponds, while water temperature and pH were significantly correlated to richness in temporary environments. Higher species richness was related to the heterogeneity of the ponds and greater complexity associated with the stratification of the surrounding vegetation. In general, the results suggest that species sorting of tadpoles is probably related to the high environmental variation among permanent and temporary aquatic habitats. The spatial heterogeneity of these two types of environments increases local diversity by accommodating species that are unique to only one habitat type.

中文翻译：

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临时和永久池塘中蝌蚪群落结构的环境驱动因素

摘要 巴西大约 87% 的无尾目物种具有幼虫阶段，即蝌蚪。在这个发展阶段，蝌蚪会受到捕食及其水生栖息地条件的影响，包括环境异质性、水的物理和化学特性以及水体的水周期。我们评估了永久性和临时池塘中蝌蚪的物种组成和丰富度模式，目的是评估池塘的形态、物理和化学因素以及环境异质性（周围植被和基质覆盖以及水生植被）如何影响这些无尾目环境。该研究在五个永久性池塘和四个临时池塘中进行。20 种无尾猿的蝌蚪在永久和临时环境中的物种组成不同。环境因素是蝌蚪丰富度的重要驱动因素：浊度和溶解氧与永久性池塘的丰富度显着相关，而水温和 pH 值与临时环境中的丰富度显着相关。更高的物种丰富度与池塘的异质性和与周围植被分层相关的更大的复杂性有关。总的来说，结果表明蝌蚪的物种分类可能与永久和临时水生栖息地之间的高度环境变化有关。这两种环境的空间异质性通过容纳仅一种栖息地类型独有的物种来增加当地的多样性。环境因素是蝌蚪丰富度的重要驱动因素：浊度和溶解氧与永久性池塘的丰富度显着相关，而水温和 pH 值与临时环境中的丰富度显着相关。更高的物种丰富度与池塘的异质性和与周围植被分层相关的更大的复杂性有关。总的来说，结果表明蝌蚪的物种分类可能与永久和临时水生栖息地之间的高度环境变化有关。这两种环境的空间异质性通过容纳仅一种栖息地类型独有的物种来增加当地的多样性。环境因素是蝌蚪丰富度的重要驱动因素：浊度和溶解氧与永久性池塘的丰富度显着相关，而水温和 pH 值与临时环境中的丰富度显着相关。更高的物种丰富度与池塘的异质性和与周围植被分层相关的更大的复杂性有关。总的来说，结果表明蝌蚪的物种分类可能与永久和临时水生栖息地之间的高度环境变化有关。这两种环境的空间异质性通过容纳仅一种栖息地类型独有的物种来增加当地的多样性。浊度和溶解氧与永久性池塘的丰度显着相关，而水温和 pH 值与临时环境中的丰度显着相关。更高的物种丰富度与池塘的异质性和与周围植被分层相关的更大的复杂性有关。总的来说，结果表明蝌蚪的物种分类可能与永久和临时水生栖息地之间的高度环境变化有关。这两种环境的空间异质性通过容纳仅一种栖息地类型独有的物种来增加当地的多样性。浊度和溶解氧与永久性池塘的丰度显着相关，而水温和 pH 值与临时环境中的丰度显着相关。更高的物种丰富度与池塘的异质性和与周围植被分层相关的更大的复杂性有关。总的来说，结果表明蝌蚪的物种分类可能与永久和临时水生栖息地之间的高度环境变化有关。这两种环境的空间异质性通过容纳仅一种栖息地类型独有的物种来增加当地的多样性。更高的物种丰富度与池塘的异质性和与周围植被分层相关的更大的复杂性有关。总的来说，结果表明蝌蚪的物种分类可能与永久和临时水生栖息地之间的高度环境变化有关。这两种环境的空间异质性通过容纳仅一种栖息地类型独有的物种来增加当地的多样性。更高的物种丰富度与池塘的异质性和与周围植被分层相关的更大的复杂性有关。总的来说，结果表明蝌蚪的物种分类可能与永久和临时水生栖息地之间的高度环境变化有关。这两种环境的空间异质性通过容纳仅一种栖息地类型独有的物种来增加当地的多样性。