In this paper, we estimate the relative value of different employment characteristics when choosing between apprenticeship and job offers. Further, we test assumptions derived from sociological rational choice theory on preference heterogeneity by individual and context characteristics. For this purpose, we analyse data from two discrete choice experiments, one focusing on the choice of an apprenticeship position and the other on the choice of first employment position after vocational training. The experiments were conducted as part of the DAB panel study on educational and occupational trajectories of adolescents in German-speaking Switzerland on students respectively one year prior to leaving compulsory school, and during vocational training. Our findings show that the most relevant aspect when choosing a labour market entrance position is, that the job should match the desired occupational specialisation. Furthermore, considerable preference heterogeneity is found, which can partly be accounted for by individual- and labour market-specific subjective utility.

中文翻译：

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（未来）学徒中劳动力市场准入职位的价值评估-两次离散选择实验的结果

在本文中，我们估计了在学徒和工作机会之间进行选择时不同就业特征的相对价值。此外，我们通过个人和背景特征来检验从社会学理性选择理论得出的关于偏好异质性的假设。为此，我们分析了来自两个离散选择实验的数据，一个实验侧重于学徒职位的选择，另一个则侧重于职业培训后的第一就业职位的选择。该实验是DAB小组研究的一部分，该小组针对讲德语的瑞士青少年的教育和职业轨迹，分别在义务制学校毕业前一年和职业培训期间进行。我们的发现表明，选择劳动力市场准入职位最相关的方面是，该工作应与所需的职业专业相匹配。此外，发现了相当大的偏好异质性，这可以部分地由针对个人和劳动力市场的主观效用来解释。