The present study reveals genetic diversity between and within the natural populations of Garcinia indica which is an endemic and medicinally important tree species from the Western Ghats of India. During the study extensive field survey was carried out to different parts of the region and collected leaf samples from 11 different locations to assess genetic diversity between populations. To understand the genetic diversity within the population, leaf samples were collected from seven different locations (accessions) spread over the single large population at Amboli, Maharashtra. Out of 21 ISSR primers screened, 12 primers produced reproducible, clear banding pattern. A total of 127 bands amplified for the samples analyzed in between the populations, among them 119 were polymorphic and percent polymorphism varied from 80 to 100% per primer. Genetic diversity within the population shown a total of 85 amplified bands, out of which 74 were polymorphic and polymorphic percentages varied from 60 to 100% per primer. The other genetic diversity parameters revealed high diversity and differentiation in both between populations (percent polymorphism = 93.87%, h = 0.3196, na = 1.82, ne = 1.37, I = 0.41, Ht = 0.26 and G_ST = 0.81) and within population (percent polymorphism = 84.80%, h = 0.36, na = 1.88, ne = 1.56, I = 0.48, Ht = 0.32 and G_ST = 0.86). Dendrogram revealed two main clusters for both between and within the natural populations based on altitudinal variation and geographical distribution of the species which is significantly supported by Mantel correlation test for geographic and genetic distance among populations. G. indica is highly exploited for various traditional and pharmaceutical preparations and have demand in the national and international markets, the understanding of genetic diversity among the natural populations especially in Konkan regions where plants are abundant will help in conservation of potential germplasm and utilization for breeding programme for large scale cultivation by farmers.

本研究揭示了藤黄天然种群之间及其内部的遗传多样性。这是印度西高止山脉的一种地方性和医学上重要的树种。在研究过程中，对该地区的不同部分进行了广泛的实地调查，并从11个不同地点收集了叶片样本，以评估种群之间的遗传多样性。为了了解种群内的遗传多样性，从分布在马哈拉施特拉邦安博利​​的单个大种群中的七个不同位置（登录）收集了叶片样本。在筛选出的21个ISSR引物中，有12个引物产生了可再现的清晰条带模式。在人群之间分析的样本中总共扩增了127条条带，其中119条是多态性，每个引物的多态性百分比从80％到100％不等。种群内的遗传多样性显示总共85条扩增带，其中74个是多态性，每个引物的多态性百分比从60％到100％不等。其他遗传多样性参数显示了两个种群之间的高度多样性和分化（多态性百分比= 93.87％，h = 0.3196，na = 1.82，ne = 1.37，I  = 0.41，Ht = 0.26，G _ST  = 0.81），并且在总体内（多态百分比= 84.80％，h = 0.36，na = 1.88，ne = 1.56，I  = 0.48，Ht = 0.32，G _ST  = 0.86）。树状图根据物种的海拔高度变异和地理分布揭示了自然种群之间和内部的两个主要簇，这通过Mantel种群之间地理和遗传距离的相关性检验得到了明显支持。印度d 广泛用于各种传统和药物制剂，并且在国内和国际市场上都有需求，尤其是在植物丰富的康康地区，自然种群之间对遗传多样性的理解将有助于保存潜在的种质并用于大型育种计划由农民大规模种植。