Tsunami waves can induce tsunami traveling ionospheric disturbances (TTIDs) of the total electron content (TEC). In this study, we examine the TEC derived by ground-based receivers of the global positioning system (GPS) and identify TTIDs induced by 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Simulations of the COMCOT (Cornell multi-grid coupled tsunami) model and analyses of the circle method, the ray-tracing technique, and the beam-forming technique are used to show that TTIDs can be quickly detected and confirmed after the tsunami occurrence. Finally, the ionospheric TEC derived by existing ground-based GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) receiving stations is demonstrated to be useful to support the tsunami early warning system.

中文翻译：

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海啸预警的电离层 GNSS 总电子含量

海啸波可引起总电子含量 (TEC) 的海啸行进电离层扰动 (TTID)。在这项研究中，我们检查了由全球定位系统 (GPS) 的地面接收器得出的 TEC，并确定了 2004 年印度洋海啸引起的 TTID。COMCOT（康奈尔多网格耦合海啸）模型的模拟以及圆法、射线追踪技术和波束形成技术的分析表明，海啸发生后可以快速检测和确认TTID。最后，由现有地面 GNSS（全球导航卫星系统）接收站导出的电离层 TEC 被证明可用于支持海啸预警系统。