This paper addresses the problem of measuring the welfare benefits of a transport improvement. We formulate and analyze a rich spatial model that allows for spillovers, matching and income tax, in a setting with multiple work and residential locations and very general worker heterogeneity. The conventional consumer surplus captures part of the benefits and is calculated based on predictions of changes in travel demand and transport costs. The issue is to determine which so-called wider impacts to add to this. We find that adding the change in total output as a wider impact leads to double-counting of benefits. The output change due to spillovers should be added, while the output change due to matching is already partly included in the consumer surplus. These results are useful for applied cost-benefit analysis of transport policies.

本文解决了衡量交通改善的福利收益的问题。我们在具有多个工作和居住地点以及非常普通的工人异质性的环境中，制定并分析了一个丰富的空间模型，该模型允许溢出，匹配和所得税。传统的消费者剩余获得了部分收益，并根据对旅行需求和运输成本变化的预测进行计算。问题在于确定要添加哪些所谓的更广泛的影响。我们发现，将总产出的变化添加为更广泛的影响会导致收益的重复计算。应该添加由于溢出造成的输出变化，而由于匹配引起的输出变化已经部分包含在消费者剩余中。这些结果对于运输政策的应用成本效益分析很有用。