The first-best solution for a transportation bottleneck is to impose a first-best peak-load toll that varies continuously over time, reaching its maximum value at the most desirable crossing time. This eliminates all wasteful queueing. With homogeneous values of time, the private costs of consumers are unchanged, but the large maximum value of the first-best toll may make it politically infeasible. In this paper, I consider continuously time-varying partial peak-load tolls that have a much lower maximum value, but which still achieve a large fraction of the efficiency gain of the first-best toll. With heterogeneous values of time, a partial peak-load toll can leave all consumers with unchanged or decreased private costs even when the first-best toll does not do this.

运输瓶颈的最佳解决方案是施加随时间连续变化的最佳峰值负荷通行费，并在最理想的穿越时间达到峰值。这消除了所有浪费的排队。在时间价值均等的情况下，消费者的私人成本没有变化，但最高的第一通行费的最大值可能会使其在政治上不可行。在本文中，我考虑了连续的时变部分峰值负荷通行费，其最大值要低得多，但仍能实现首个最佳通行费效率提高的很大一部分。由于时间价值不均，即使高峰时段的收费最高的话，部分高峰负荷过路费也可能使所有消费者的私人成本保持不变或降低。