Under north Indian conditions, wheat is sown late in the season due to delayed harvesting of basmati rice and cotton, which limit the productivity of the crop. Various priming strategies might help in improving the growth and productivity of the late sown wheat crop. To test the seed and foliar priming response on the emergence, growth and yield of late sown wheat, two field experiments were conducted at the research farm of the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. Both experiments were conducted in completely randomized block design with 3 treatments in the first (November 5, November 20 and December 5) and 9 treatments in the second experiment [control, water spray, seed priming (SP), salicylic acid foliar priming (SA: 50, 75 and 100 ppm), combination of SP and SA]. Lower germination was observed in December 5 as compared to November 5 sowing. Seed priming significantly improved the emergence and growth of the late sown wheat. Seed priming increased tiller density, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) and photosynthetically active radiation interception, number of effective tillers, grain and biomass yield and harvest index as compared to control. Foliar priming recorded significantly higher NDVI, proline content, grains ear⁻¹, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index. Combined priming recorded the highest grain yield and harvest index as compared to seed and foliar priming alone. Wheat can be successfully grown under late sown condition with seed and foliar priming for less yield penalty.

中文翻译：

---

种子和叶面引发策略在提高晚播小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的生长和生产力中的应用

在北印度的条件下，由于印度香米的延迟收获，小麦在本季后期播种。水稻和棉花，这限制了农作物的生产力。各种启动策略可能有助于改善晚播小麦作物的生长和生产力。为了测试种子和叶面引发对晚播小麦的出现，生长和产量的响应，在2015-2016年和2016-2017年期间，在卢迪亚纳的旁遮普农业大学的研究农场进行了两个田间试验。两个实验均采用完全随机区组设计进行，第一个实验（11月5日，11月20日和12月5日）进行3种处理，第二个实验进行9种处理[对照，喷水，种子底漆（SP），水杨酸叶面底漆（SA） ：50、75和100 ppm），SP和SA的组合]。与11月5日播种相比，12月5日发芽率较低。种子引发显着改善了后期播种小麦的出苗和生长。与对照相比，种子引发增加了分till密度，干物质积累，叶面积指数，归一化植物营养指数（NDVI）和光合有效辐射截留，有效分till数，谷物和生物量产量以及收获指数。叶面灌注记录的NDVI，脯氨酸含量，谷物穗明显较高^-1，千粒重，谷物产量和收获指数。与单独的种子和叶面底漆相比，组合底漆的谷物产量和收获指数最高。小麦可以在播种条件较晚的条件下成功播种，并进行种子播种和叶面灌浆，以减少产量损失。