Electrochemical protocols for reducing formation time and maximising cycle life in a sodium ion battery are proposed. The formation protocols comprise low current cycles within a targeted voltage window. After accelerated cell aging tests, the impedance and cycle life are evaluated. Maximum life time is obtained for formation within the 3.6–3.8 V window. 250 cycles are observed to 80% of initial capacity with accelerated ageing, compared to 90 cycles with no formation.

中文翻译：

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用于最大化钠离子电池寿命的电化学形成方案

提出了用于减少钠离子电池中的形成时间并最大化其循环寿命的电化学方案。形成协议包括目标电压窗口内的低电流周期。经过加速的电池老化测试后，将评估阻抗和循环寿命。在3.6–3.8 V的范围内形成时可获得最长的使用寿命。在加速老化的情况下，观察到250个循环达到初始容量的80％，而没有形成则为90个循环。