Rock bursts in coal mines are usually unpredictable. In view of this problem, the energy–frequency relationship and spatial distribution characteristics of microseismic events during the mining of 5305 working face in Xinhe Coal Mine under complex geological conditions were analyzed in this study. Besides, the law and precursors of rock burst occurrence in this working face were discussed. The following research results were obtained. Before the rock burst occurred in 5305 working face, the energy and frequency of microseismic events vary in the following order: “peak-drop-rise-rock burst.” The analysis on spatial characteristics of microseismic events suggests that microseismic events were mainly concentrated at the boundary between the roof and the coal seam or at the hard roof near the coal seam within 0–160 m in front of the working face, and most of the events lay on the goaf side. Moreover, the energy and frequency of microseismic events both decrease in the above region before the rock burst occurred. This “microseismic event absence” phenomenon can be regarded as one of the precursors of rock burst occurrence. In addition, a multilevel antiburst scheme was proposed for the complex conditions: (1) to adopt large-diameter boreholes pressure relief technology and key layer high-level pressure relief technology for adjusting the stress distribution in the surrounding rock of crossheading in front of the working face and dissipating elastic strain energy; (2) to determine the advance speed to be 1.5 m/d for reducing the mining disturbance; (3) to adopt full-section reinforced support of the roadway for enhancing the antiburst capacity of surrounding rock. After the implementation of this scheme, the energy and frequency of microseismic events monitored on-site changed gently, and 5305 working face was safely recovered to the stop line position. The scheme boasts a remarkable rock burst prevention and control effect.

中文翻译：

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复杂条件下岩爆的微震监测，预警与综合防治研究

煤矿中的岩爆通常是无法预测的。针对这一问题，分析了复杂地质条件下新河煤矿5305工作面开采过程中微震事件的能量-频率关系和空间分布特征。此外，还讨论了该工作面岩爆发生的规律和先兆。获得了以下研究结果。在5305工作面发生岩石破裂之前，微地震事件的能量和频率按以下顺序变化：“峰值-下降-上升-岩石破裂”。对微震事件空间特征的分析表明，微震事件主要集中在工作面前方0-160 m范围内的顶板与煤层之间的边界处或靠近煤层的坚硬顶板上，大多数事件都发生在采空区。而且，在发生岩石破裂之前，在上述区域中微地震事件的能量和频率都降低了。这种“微地震事件缺失”现象可以看作是岩爆发生的先兆之一。此外，针对复杂条件，提出了多级爆破方案：（1）采用大口径泄压技术和关键层高级泄压技术，调整巷道前部十字头围岩的应力分布。工作面并耗散弹性应变能；（2）确定前进速度为1.5 m / d，以减少采矿干扰；（3）对巷道采用全断面加固支护，以增强围岩的抗爆能力。该方案实施后，现场监测的微震事件的能量和频率发生了缓慢变化，安全地将5305工作面恢复到了停车线位置。该方案具有显着的岩爆防治效果。