Fault activation triggers local deformation and dislocation, releasing a large amount of energy that can easily cause mining disasters, such as rock bursts and roadway instability. To study the changing characteristics of overburden structures and the evolution law of mining-induced stress as panel advances towards a fault from a footwall, two similar models were established, namely, a simulation experimental model and a numerical simulation model. In addition, the relationship among mining, mining stress, and rock bursts induced by fault activation was investigated. The results of this study reveal that when the working face is 30 m away from the fault, the high-position rock mass near the fault turns to the goaf where the fault is activated, and the two walls display relatively obvious dislocation. During the process of footwall panel mining to the fault, the abutment stress of the coal pillar tends to increase initially, followed by a decrease. When the working face is 20 m away from the fault, the abutment stress ahead of the working face reaches its maximum. When the width of the coal pillar is within the range of 10–40 m, the coal pillar accumulates a large amount of energy, and the working face affected by the fault easily induces a rock burst. Before fault activation, disturbances arising from the mining activities destroy the equilibrium stress environment of the rock system surrounding the fault, and the fault continuously accumulates energy. When the accumulated energy reaches a certain threshold, under the action of normal stress or shear stress, the fault will be activated, and a large amount of energy will be released, which can easily induce a rock burst. The research results in this paper provide a scientific basis for the classification, prediction, and prevention of rock bursts under similar geological conditions.

中文翻译：

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正断层影响下覆岩运动与应力分布特征研究

断层活化触发局部变形和错位，释放出大量能量，这些能量很容易引起采矿灾害，例如岩爆和巷道不稳。为了研究面板从下盘壁向断层前进时覆岩结构的变化特征和采动应力的演化规律，建立了两个相似的模型，分别是模拟实验模型和数值模拟模型。此外，还研究了断层活化引起的开采，开采应力和岩爆之间的关系。研究结果表明，当工作面距断层30 m时，断层附近的高位岩体转向断层被激活的采空区，两壁位错表现得相对明显。在下盘面板开采到断层的过程中，煤柱的基台应力开始趋于增大，然后减小。当工作面距离断层20 m时，工作面前方的基台应力达到最大。当煤柱的宽度在10-40 m范围内时，煤柱会积聚大量能量，受断层影响的工作面容易引起岩爆。在断层活化之前，采矿活动引起的干扰破坏了断层周围岩石系统的平衡应力环境，断层不断地积累能量。当累积的能量达到某个阈值时，在正应力或剪应力的作用下，将激活故障，并释放大量的能量，容易引起岩爆。本文的研究结果为相似地质条件下岩爆的分类，预测和防治提供了科学依据。