We experimentally demonstrate the controllable laser output of cylindrical vector (CV) beams, which feature flexibility, high efficiency, and good beam quality. Particularly, the CV laser beams have negligible radial components, distinguishing themselves from the extra-cavity-generated CV beams. The output state is controlled by an intra-cavity vortex half-wave plate (VWP). By changing the topological charge (l) of VWP, we produce l = 1 and l = 2 CV beams for example. Through rotating the half-wave plate inside the cavity, the laser outputs arbitrary CV beams around the equator of the corresponding high-order Poincare spheres. For l = 1 and l = 2 CV beams, the polarization purities are as high as 97.8% and 96.7%, the sloping efficiencies are 15.5% and 5.4%, and the beam quality factors are 2.10 and 3.31, respectively. Our result provides a reliable CV laser source for advanced applications in optical imaging and optical manipulation.

中文翻译：

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通过腔内模式转换实现高质量圆柱矢量光束的可控激光输出

我们通过实验证明了圆柱矢量 (CV) 光束的可控激光输出，具有灵活性、高效率和良好的光束质量。特别是，CV 激光束的径向分量可以忽略不计，这与腔外产生的 CV 光束不同。输出状态由腔内涡流半波片 (VWP) 控制。例如，通过改变 VWP 的拓扑电荷 (l)，我们产生 l = 1 和 l = 2 CV 光束。通过旋转腔内的半波片，激光器在相应的高阶庞加莱球的赤道周围输出任意的CV光束。对于 l = 1 和 l = 2 CV 光束，偏振纯度分别高达 97.8% 和 96.7%，倾斜效率分别为 15.5% 和 5.4%，光束质量因子分别为 2.10 和 3.31。