Cerebrovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, however, little progress has been made in preventing or treating these diseases to date. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays crucial and highly complicated roles in cerebrovascular development and homeostasis, and dysregulated TGF-β signaling contributes to cerebrovascular diseases. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the functional role of TGF-β signaling in the cerebrovascular system under physiological and pathological conditions. We discuss the current understanding of TGF-β signaling in cerebral angiogenesis and the maintenance of brain vessel homeostasis. We also review the mechanisms by which disruption of TGF-β signaling triggers or promotes the progression of cerebrovascular diseases. Finally, we briefly discuss the potential of targeting TGF-β signaling to treat cerebrovascular diseases.

脑血管疾病是世界范围内主要的死亡原因之一，然而，迄今为止，在预防或治疗这些疾病方面进展甚微。转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）信号传导通路在脑血管发育和体内平衡中起着至关重要的作用，而TGF-β信号传导失调则助长了脑血管疾病。在这篇综述中，我们提供了在生理和病理条件下TGF-β信号传导在脑血管系统中的功能作用的更新概述。我们讨论了目前对TGF-β信号传导在脑血管生成和维持脑血管稳态中的理解。我们还回顾了破坏TGF-β信号触发或促进脑血管疾病进展的机制。最后，