Top predators shape the communities of sympatric predators by killing and displacing smaller predators. Predation risk pushes smaller predators to select enemy-free spaces irrespective of food availability, which results in changes in their behaviour, space use, distribution, and abundance. Although the landscape of fear dynamics are known for top predators such as the eagle owl and its impact on smaller raptors, the effect of the presence and abundance of the eagle owl on the space use of mesopredator carnivores remains poorly understood. Here, we studied this effect on the space use of the stone marten in a Mediterranean ecosystem where it shares rabbits as main prey with the eagle owl. We also accounted for the presence of another sympatric carnivore, the red fox. Using a multi-model inference, we found stone martens avoided areas with a higher abundance of eagle owls and rabbits, which suggested a hyperpredation process and a cognitive association by stone martens between rabbit hotspots and owl presence. We found a positive relationship between the space use of the red fox and the stone marten, which suggested foxes behaved as competitors and not predators of martens. Understanding intraguild predation can assist the conservation and management of predators and their prey.

中文翻译：

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鹰O的公会内捕食决定了中食肉食者的空间利用

顶级掠食者通过杀死和置换较小的掠食者来塑造同胞掠食者的社区。捕食风险迫使较小的食肉动物选择无敌的空间，而与食物的供应无关，这会导致其行为，空间使用，分布和数量发生变化。尽管对于诸如鹰landscape这样的顶级掠食者而言，恐惧动态的景观是众所周知的，并且它对较小的猛禽的影响是众所周知的，但是，对这种食肉动物食肉动物的空间利用所产生的影响，人们仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了这种对地中海生态系统中石貂的空间利用的影响，在这种生态系统中，石貂与大shares同住作为主要猎物的兔子。我们还解释了另一个同伴食肉动物，即红狐狸的存在。使用多模型推论，我们发现石貂避开了雕owl和兔子数量较多的区域，这表明石斑貂在兔子的热点和猫头鹰之间存在过度捕食的过程，并认识到关联。我们发现红狐狸和石貂的空间使用之间存在正相关关系，这表明狐狸的行为是竞争者，而不是貂。了解行会内部的捕食行为有助于保护和管理捕食者及其猎物。