Mastering the dynamics of molecular assembly on surfaces enables the engineering of predictable structural motifs to bestow programmable properties upon target substrates. Yet, monitoring self-assembly in real time on technologically relevant interfaces between a substrate and a solution is challenging, due to experimental complexity of disentangling interfacial from bulk phenomena. Here, we show that graphene devices can be used as highly sensitive detectors to read out the dynamics of molecular self-assembly at the solid/liquid interface in-situ. Irradiation of a photochromic molecule is used to trigger the formation of a metastable self-assembled adlayer on graphene and the dynamics of this process are monitored by tracking the current in the device over time. In perspective, the electrical readout in graphene devices is a diagnostic and highly sensitive means to resolve molecular ensemble dynamics occurring down to the nanosecond time scale, thereby providing a practical and powerful tool to investigate molecular self-organization in 2D.

掌握表面分子组装的动力学，可以设计可预测的结构基序，从而赋予目标基材可编程的特性。然而，由于从体现象中解开界面的实验复杂性，在基板和溶液之间的技术相关界面上实时监测自组装具有挑战性。在这里，我们展示了石墨烯器件可用作高灵敏度检测器，以原位读出固/液界面上分子自组装的动力学。光致变色分子的辐照用于触发在石墨烯上形成亚稳态自组装吸附层，并通过随时间跟踪设备中的电流来监测该过程的动态。从长远来看，