ABSTRACT The genus Gliocephalotrichum (Nectriaceae), originally described as a soil-borne fungus, has been associated with postharvest diseases, especially of tropical fruits. Taxonomic studies using both morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses have contributed to recognition of novel species in several countries. However, in Brazil, only three isolates of Gliocephalotrichum have been collected from soil samples and roots since the late 1970s. Our study expands the sample range using many Gliocephalotrichum isolates obtained from rotting fruits of tropical plant species in different states of Brazil. Polyphasic taxonomy was assessed with phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from four nuclear loci, morphological comparisons, and pathogenicity tests. As a result, three known species (G. bulbilium, G. longibrachium, and G. simplex) were identified from new hosts and locations in Brazil. In addition, three new species are described—G. abrachium, G. brasiliense, and G. caryocaris. A key to all Gliocephalotrichum species worldwide is provided. Although species of Gliocephalotrichum have not been considered to be important plant pathogens, this study shows they may cause postharvest fruit rot in tropical fruits and therefore have an impact in communities that depend economically on the harvest and sale of these fruits.

中文翻译：

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导致巴西不同寄主果实腐烂的三个新种 Gliocephalotrichum

摘要 Gliocephalotrichum (Nectriaceae) 属，最初被描述为一种土传真菌，与收获后疾病有关，尤其是热带水果。使用形态学和分子系统发育分析的分类学研究有助于在几个国家识别新物种。然而，在巴西，自 1970 年代后期以来，仅从土壤样品和根部收集到了三种 Gliocephalotrichum 分离株。我们的研究使用从巴西不同州的热带植物物种的腐烂果实中获得的许多 Gliocephalotrichum 分离物扩大了样本范围。多相分类通过对来自四个核位点的 DNA 序列的系统发育分析、形态比较和致病性测试进行评估。因此，三个已知物种（G.bulbilium、G. longibrachium 和 G. simplex）是从巴西的新宿主和位置中识别出来的。此外，还描述了三个新物种——G. abrachium、G. brasiliense 和 G. caryocaris。提供了全球所有 Gliocephalotrichum 物种的密钥。尽管 Gliocephalotrichum 物种尚未被认为是重要的植物病原体，但这项研究表明，它们可能会导致热带水果的采后果实腐烂，因此对经济上依赖于这些水果的收获和销售的社区产生影响。